Chapter 9 Complex Cognitive Approaches

Question 1

What is Metacognition

Answer 1

It is thinking about thinking

Question 2

How to help younger students develop metacognition?

Answer 2

Use Know Wonder Learned strategies prior to engaging with a topic

Question 3

What is a learning strategy?

Answer 3

A special kind of procedural knowledge-knowing how to do something. (can be cognitive, metacognitive, or behvioural.

Question 4

What are some visual organization methods?

Answer 4

Concept maps, Cmaps, instructor provided maps

Question 5

Can drawing be used as a learning strategy?

Answer 5

Yes!

Question 6

What is one of the most powerful learning strategies?

Answer 6

Retrieval Practice, or practicing recalling what you know, or have learned.

Question 7

What 5 components are needed for deep information processing?

Answer 7

Connect, elaborate, translate, organize, summarize

Question 8

What is PAR S?

Answer 8

A four-step reading strategy-
*Preview material to find main ideas
*Ask questions about the main idea
*Read to find answers!
*Summarize

Question 9

What are necessary components for understanding material?

Answer 9

Valuing learning-understanding learning strategies will help them reach their goals
Effort and Efficacy - students must believe the effort and investment are reasonable

Question 10

Define Problem Solving

Answer 10

formulating new answers, going beyond the simple application of previously learned rules to achieve a goal.

Question 11

What is an algorithm?

Answer 11

A step-by-step prescription for achieving a goal. It is usually domain specific.

Question 12

What is analogical thinking?

Answer 12

The heuristic of focusing a search for solutions on situations that are similar to the one at hand.

Question 13

What is verbalization in regards to problem solving?

Answer 13

Putting a problem-solving plan and its logic into words.

Question 14

What are the three general stages of problem solving?

Answer 14

Anticipating, Acting, and Looking Back

Question 15

Name some factors that hinder problem solving

Answer 15

Conventional solution fixation/functional fixedness
Response set (rigidity)

Question 16

What is an availability heuristic?

Answer 16

Judging the likelihood of an event based on what is available in your memory.

Question 17

What is Belief Perseverance

Answer 17

The tendency to hold on to beliefs, even in the face of contradictory evidence.

Question 18

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 18

Seeking information that confirms your choices and beliefs while ignoring disconfirming evidence

Question 19

What is one definition of critical thinking?

Answer 19

The art of analyzing and evaluating thought processes with a view to improve them.

Question 20

What are the standards of critical thinking?

Answer 20

Clarity, accuracy, logic, fairness, relevance, breadth, precision, significance, completeness, depth

Question 21

What are the elements of critical thinking?

Answer 21

Purposes, questions, points of view, information, inferences, concepts, implications, assumptions

Question 22

What are the intellectual traits of critical thinking?

Answer 22

Humility, autonomy, integrity, courage, perseverance, confidence, empathy, fairmindedness

Question 23

Can critical thinking be taught at any grade level?

Answer 23

Yes, through three elements: Dialogue, authentic instruction, mentorship

Question 24

What is argumentation?

Answer 24

Is the process of constructing and critiquing claims and the evidence offered to support them.
The process of debating a claim with someone else.

Question 25

What is transfer?

Answer 25

The influence of previously learned material on new material.

Question 26

What is a fundamental goal of education?

Answer 26

The productive use of knowledge, skills, and motivations across a lifetime.

Question 27

What is worth learning?

Answer 27

Basic skills like reading, writing, computing, cooperating, and speaking. These skills have a high transfer ability

Question 28

What is robust knowledge?

Answer 28

Knowledge that contains three elements- depth, connections, and coherency.

Question 29

What are the five strategies that can be incorporated into most teaching approaches?

Answer 29

1. Practice
2. worked examples
3. analogies
4. integrating multiple tasks
5. self-explanation