Chapter 10

Question 1

What is the impact of distractions like sounds on children’s understanding of stories?

Answer 1

Distractions may foster distractibility and interfere with understanding the story, plot, and characters.

Example: Sounds of a buzz saw and a falling tree in storytelling may disrupt comprehension.

Question 2

How does multimedia support understanding for kindergarten students with low literacy skills?

Answer 2

Multimedia features provide multiple pathways to meaning, visual and verbal representations, focus attention, and reinforce key ideas.

This was demonstrated in a study by Verhallen, Bus, & de Jong (2006).

Question 3

What is the key takeaway regarding multimedia elements in education?

Answer 3

Multimedia elements should focus on meaning and not just provide attractive ‘bells and whistles’.

Question 4

How much time do older adolescents spend on the internet daily, according to a 2012 study?

Answer 4

About 60 minutes a day, but participants self-reported between 3 and 4 hours.

Adolescents of colour averaged around 100 minutes per day.

Question 5

What is the ‘butterfly defect’ in the context of internet usage for learning?

Answer 5

Students flutter from one link to another, often forgetting their research topic, leading to fragile knowledge construction.

Question 6

What did the study comparing desktop computers to mobile devices find?

Answer 6

Students using mobile devices were more involved and willing to continue learning.

Reference: Sung & Mayer (2013).

Question 7

Define computational thinking.

Answer 7

The thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms.

Aho (2012) provides this definition.

Question 8

What are some key components of computational thinking?

Answer 8

Includes but is not limited to:
* Programming
* Coding

Question 9

Who introduced LOGO programming and turtle graphics for children?

Answer 9

Seymore Papert in the 1980s and 1990s.

Question 10

What ongoing debate exists regarding teaching programming to students?

Answer 10

Some educators argue programming teaches logical thinking in all areas, while others say it only helps students learn programming.

Question 11

What is the purpose of coding in education according to ongoing advocacy?

Answer 11

To foster computational thinking.

Question 12

What is Scratch, and who developed it?

Answer 12

Scratch is a programming language developed to allow children to build programs by snapping together images of blocks.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Computational thinking involves formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as _______.

Answer 13

[computational steps and algorithms]

Question 14

What is the definition of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)?

Answer 14

A broad term that describes many ways of learning in virtual or online systems.

VLEs encompass various applications and platforms for facilitating learning in a digital context.

Question 15

What is a Learning Management System (LMS)?

Answer 15

System that delivers e-learning, provides tools and learning materials, keeps records, administers assessments, and manages learning.

Examples of LMS include Moodle, BlackBoard, and Desire2Learn.

Question 16

What is the purpose of Personal Learning Environments (PLE)?

Answer 16

Provides tools that support individualized learning in a variety of contexts and situations.

Learners assume control of how and when their learning occurs.

Question 17

What are some examples of tools that support PLEs?

Answer 17

• Computer-based training modules
• E-books
• Cognitive tutors
• Quizzes
• Self-assessment tools

These tools help learners tailor their educational experiences to meet their needs.

Question 18

What is Betty’s Brain?

Answer 18

A VLE developed by Vanderbilt and Stanford Universities where students teach a computer agent named Betty about a science topic.

The system includes hypertext resources for planning instruction and learning.

Question 19

True or False: About 40% of the wikis produced in schools are collaborative workspaces for students.

Answer 19

False

Only 1% of the wikis are collaborative workspaces for students.

Question 20

What are some starting points for integrating technology in the classroom?

Answer 20

• Research school or district technology policies
• Identify internal resources
• Seek training resources
• Collaborate with experienced teachers

Familiarity with resources can ease the integration process.

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a system that supports every course on campus at Anita’s university.

Answer 21

Carmen

Carmen is an example of a Learning Management System (LMS).

Question 22

What percentage of wikis in schools deliver teacher content?

Answer 22

34%

This indicates a significant reliance on wikis for teacher-driven materials.

Question 23

What is the benefit of teaching a topic to a computer agent in Betty’s Brain?

Answer 23

Students learn more effectively by teaching, as it reinforces their understanding of the concepts.

Research on cooperative learning supports this approach.

Question 24

What is a Personal Learning Network (PLN)?

Answer 24

A framework in which knowledge is constructed through online peer interactions.

PLNs facilitate collaborative learning and knowledge sharing.

Question 25

What are the challenges teachers might face when integrating digital tools?

Answer 25

It may seem difficult and troublesome, especially for teachers with weaker technological skills.

Overcoming these challenges often involves seeking support and training.

Question 26

True or False: Most LMSs are inexpensive and simple to implement.

Answer 26

False

LMSs are often large, complex, and costly.

Question 27

What is a golden rule for technology integration in the classroom?

Answer 27

You do not need to reinvent the wheel.

Focus on adapting and building on existing resources.