chapter 9-Civil Rights Movement Flashcards
What are civil rights?
Protections from discrimination as a member of a particular group.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
A constitutional amendment that outlaws slavery.
What does the Fourteenth Amendment assert and how is it involved in selective incorporation?
IT INCLUDES THE CITIZENSHIP, DUE PROCESS, AND EQUAL PROTECTION CLAUSES
It asserts that persons born in the United States are citizens
- prohibits states from denying persons due process or equal protection under the law.
-the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment requires that states treat all citizens alike under the law. Therefore, in many cases, it applies federal law to the states.
What is the equal protection clause?
A clause of the Fourteenth Amendment that requires the states to treat all citizens alike with regard to application of the laws.
What does the Fifteenth Amendment grant?
It grants African Americans the right to vote.
What is the doctrine of separate but equal?
The doctrine that racial segregation was constitutional so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal.
What is legal segregation?
The separation by law of individuals based on their race.
What is de jure segregation?
The separation of individuals based on their characteristics, such as race, by law.
What is de facto segregation?
A separation of individuals based on characteristics that arises not by law but because of other factors, such as residential housing patterns.
What is affirmative action?
A policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing special consideration to individuals based upon their characteristics, such as race or gender.
What is a social movement?
Large groups of citizens organizing for political change.
What is civil disobedience?
The intentional refusal to obey a law to call attention to its injustice.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Legislation outlawing racial segregation in schools and public places and authorizing the attorney general to sue individual school districts that failed to desegregate.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Legislation outlawing literacy tests and authorizing the Justice Department to send federal officers to register voters in uncooperative cities, counties, and states.
What does the Nineteenth Amendment grant?
A 1920 constitutional amendment granting women the right to vote.
What is Title IX of the Higher Education Amendments of 1972?
Legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools receiving federal aid, which had the impact of increasing female participation in sports programs.
