Chapter 3

Question 1

federalism

Answer 1

A system that divides power between the national and state government.

Question 2

unitary system

Answer 2

a system where the central government has all of the power over subnational governments.

Question 3

confederal system

Answer 3

a system where the
subnational governments
have most of the power.

Question 4

What is an example of a confederal system?

Answer 4

The Articles of Confederation

Question 5

commerce clause

Answer 5

grants Congress the authority to regulate interstate business and commercial activity.

Question 6

What court case does the commerce clause apply to and why was it unconstitutional in this context?

Answer 6

-Lopez, it was unconstitutional because it was deemed that gun possession had nothing to do with commerce, and was a state right.

Question 7

Why was Congress’ violation of the commerce clause in the US vs Lopez so concerning?

Answer 7

states were worried that if the commerce clause could be applied, then everything could be applied to the commerce clause, which reduces state power

Question 8

necessary and proper
clause

Answer 8

Grants the federal government the authority to pass laws required to carry out its enumerated powers. Also called the elastic clause.

Question 9

What court case does the necessary and proper clause apply to and why?

Answer 9

-Mcculoch vs Maryland, because it was deemed that since the constitution didn’t restrict it to have a national bank, it was implied, and therefore necessary to uphold its expressed powers, because it does upend the constitution.

Question 10

supremacy clause

Answer 10

Establishes the Constitution and the laws of the federal government passed under its authority as the highest laws of the land.

Question 11

What court case does the supremacy clause apply to and why?

Answer 11

-Mcculoch vs maryland, because it was deemed that Maryland didn’t have a right to tax a national bank because the federal government was supreme.

Question 12

Tenth Amendment

Answer 12

Reserves powers not delegated to the national government to the states and the people; the basis of federalism.
-reserved powers

Question 13

reserved powers

Answer 13

Powers not given to the national government, which are retained by the states and the people.

Question 14

concurrent powers

Answer 14

Powers granted to both states and the federal government in the Constitution.

Question 15

What is an example of a concurrent power?

Answer 15

taxation, judiciary

Question 16

What is an example of a reserved power?

Answer 16

-education and gun policy

Question 17

full faith and credit clause

Answer 17

Constitutional clause requiring states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from another state.

Question 18

extradition

Answer 18

The requirement that officials in one state return
a defendant to another state where a crime was
committed.

Question 19

privileges and immunities
clause

Answer 19

Constitutional clause that prevents states from
discriminating against people from out of state.

Question 20

grants-in-aid

Answer 20

Federal money provided to states to implement public policy objectives.

Question 21

What are grants-in-aid an example of?

Answer 21

fiscal federalism

Question 22

categorical grants

Answer 22

Grants-in-aid provided to states with specific provisions on their use.

Question 23

dual federalism

Answer 23

A form of American federalism in which the states and the nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy.

Question 24

What is constitutional federalism the same as?

Answer 24

original/dual federalism

Question 25

unfunded mandate

Answer 25

Federal requirements that states must follow without being provided with funding.

Question 26

Are unfunded mandates heavily enforced?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

what is an example of an unfunded mandate?

Answer 27

the american disabilities act?

Question 28

what is an example of a categorical grant?

Answer 28

medicaid

Question 29

What is an example of a block grant?

Answer 29

TANF (transportation)

Question 30

Are categorical grants appropiated with state input?

Answer 30

-no, they are based on formulas that determine eligibility & payouts
-Congress or federal bureaucracy power

• they often entail opportunity cost and matching funds

Question 31

block grant

Answer 31

A type of grant-in-aid that gives state officials more authority in the disbursement of federal funds.

Question 32

revenue sharing

Answer 32

When the federal government apportions tax money to the states with no strings attached.

Question 33

What is revenue sharing an example of?

Answer 33

devolution

Question 34

What are the benefits of fiscal federalism?

Answer 34

-wealth is redistributed throughout the states, and state/local govt.s use resources more efficiently and effectively.

Question 35

devolution

Answer 35

Returning more authority to state or local governments.

Question 36

federal system

Answer 36

A system where power is divided between the national and state governments.

Question 37

enumerated or expressed powers

Answer 37

Powers explicitly granted to the national government through the Constitution.

Question 38

exclusive powers

Answer 38

Powers only the national government may exercise.

Question 39

What are the three federalism models?

Answer 39

-Confederal, dual, unitary

Question 40

implied powers

Answer 40

powers not granted specifically to the national
government but considered necessary to carry out the enumerated powers.

Question 41

Dual federalism

Answer 41

-the national government is limited to it’s enumerated powers
-each government unit is sovereign
-relationship is tense rather than cooperative because national government decisions take power away from state governments

Question 42

Cooperative federalism

Answer 42

-State and national governments cooperate to solve common problems and share policy decisions
-brews resentment amongst the states

Question 43

unitary system

Answer 43

A one branch government

Question 44

confederal system

Answer 44

A system in which power is distributed amongst allied governments, but there is no national government

Question 45

What type of federalism is an example of fiscal federalism and why?

Answer 45

Fiscal federalism, is because the national government uses grants-in-aid to influence state policies, causing national government influence to bleed into state powers.
-this is tense because if state governments don’t cooperate with the national government, then their funding is revoked.