Chapter 9: Chipset architecture Flashcards
What two [2] reason why is the Chipset Important?
- Chipset defines operation of PCI, SATA, USB, RAID, etc…
2. Optimizes operation of CPU
What is a chipset?
Controls data flow between processor, memory, PCI devices, system bus
Support chips provide other functions
How do you access the CPU
Through the chipset
By matching the the chipset to the CPU prevents what?
minimizes bottlenecks
What does CPI stand for?
Cycles Per Instruction
What is Cycles Per Instruction (PCI)
number of clock cycles a system uses to execute an instruction
CPU depends on the chipset to?
quickly transfer information from main memory
What are two [2] types processors architectures commonly used
- Non Uniform Memory Access (NUMA)
2. Symmetric Multi Processing (SMP)
What does NUMA Stand for?
Non Uniform Memory Access
What does SMP stand for?
Symmetric Multi Processing
What are five [4] things that NUMA is used for?
- Used to build very large multiprocessor systems
- Allows the use of multiple processors without sacrificing scalability
- Non uniform access to I/O resources is also supported
- Processors have access to local or near memory and remote memory
- Groups of processors connected by a special bus system
What connects two servers together?
Scalability ports
What are two [2] Limitations on multi-processor hardware
1 High speed cache performance is only available to a limited number of microprocessors
2 Increasing the number of microprocessors adversely affects the efficiency of the cache
What does (SMP) Symmetric Multi Processing do ?
“sees” the same hardware resources, so no special software techniques are needed to access any
resource.
What is (SRAT)?
Static Resource Allocation Table
What is SUMO stand for ?
Sufficiently Uniform Memory Organization
What are two [2] things NUMA Non Uniform Memory Access is optimize for?
- Windows Server 2003/2008 Enterprise and Datacenter
2 .Linux Kernel 2.6 and above
What are two [2] things NUMA Non Uniform Memory Access is NOT optimize for?
- Server 2003 Standard
2. Windows 2003 Web Edition
What does MESI stand for?
Modified
Exclusive
Shared
Invalid
What are two [2] positive things that Scalability of SMP Symmetric Multi Processing?
- Increased number of processors increases access to resources
- Resources easy to locate but all CPUs must wait in the same queue
What does MESI ensure to have?
CPU’s have the most recent copy of data
What are four [4 ]Large SMP Configurations issues?
- Intel’s FSB protocol is limited to four processors
- Eight socket configurations are two four-socket systems
- can cause greater snoop latency
- The FSB to FSB connection increases overhead
What are four [4] things of the Cache Coherency Filter
- One filter used for each group of four processors
- Tracks all operations that occur on the FSB
- Provides information about the addresses of all data stored in CPU caches on the local FSB
- Snooped addresses looked up in the filter on the remote FSB first
NUMA systems show good scalability up to how many sockets?
32 socket system
SMP systems scale poorly beyond how man sockets?
Four [4]
