CHapter 7: Virtualisation hardware assists Flashcards
What is required to share resources?
software virtualisation layer
What is software virtualization layer know as
Virtual Machine Manager (VMM)
What are five reason to virtualisation a server?
- Improve management of physical capacity
- Improve control of machines
- Simplify operation of virtual server pool
- Reduce risks to business continuity
- Dynamically scale resources to meet demand
What is the ration of consolidation virtualisation
5: 1 to 10:1 in the enterprise
20: 1 is not uncommon
What are two [2] hardware virtualisation hardware
- Intel Virtualization Technology (VT)
2. AMD-V (Virtualization)
What are Privilege Levels
Levels determine what hardware resources can be access by software
How many Privilege Levels are there
4
0 - is the highest
3 - Is the lowest
Which Privilege Level does normal O/S use
Level 0 [Zero] the highest - it has direct access to the hardware
Moving from a more powerful to a less powerful level is called
ring deprivileging
What is Binary translation
Software method used by hypervisor in MS and VMware to handle issues presented by ring deprivileging
What is Para virtualisation
Is used by Xen virtualisation system to handle the issues of ring de-privileging
What is Nesting Pages
7.1.4 page 137 [169]
Nested paging (also known as Hardware Assisted Paging) is a technology that allows significantly improved handling of multiple guest operating systems.
What are Intel and AMD Nesting Paging
- Intel - Extended Page Tables
2. AMD - Rapid Virtualization Indexing
What processor does intel VT embed its nesting paging feature
Xeon 5500 in 2009
What are the three [3] Hardware Requirements for Virtualisation?
- Full BIOS support
- Processor technology support
- Hypervisor support
What does VMM stand for?
Virtual Memory Manager
What is VMCS Stand for?
Virtual Machine Control Structure
What is VPID Stand for?
Virtual Processor Identifier
What does VPID Virtual Processor Identifier
allows a virtual machine manager to assign a different non-zero VPID to each virtual processor (the zero VPID is reserved for the VMM)
What is EPT Stand for?
Extended Page Table
What does (EPT) Extended Page Table 7.2.2. Page 139 [171]
is the Intel implementation of nested paging for virtualization.
How much more improvement does Nesting Paging provide?
7.1.4 pg 137 [169]
provides a 5% to 30% performance improvement, depending on the type of workload for applications running in virtual machines
When translation is performed, it is stored for future use in?
7.1.4 pg 137 [169]
Translation Look-aside Buffer (TLB)
What are two [2] new VT-x CPU operations:
- VMX root operation - VMM functions
2. VMX non-root operation - guest operating system functions
