Chapter 9 - Change Management - Week 13 Flashcards
What are the levels of organizational Change
Societal level - economic and environmental issues are strong drivers of change
Industrial level - change typically follows an S-curve pattern in which sales of a new product or service begin slowly as demand builds, followed by rapid growth as the market for the product or service becomes mature, which leads to a tapering as customer demands develop and change
Firm level developments - occur largely as a result of demands from stakeholders
What are the 5 stages of the Generic Model of Change process
Ride Down Puppy Isle Smiling
- Recognize the need for change and starting the process
- Diagnose what needs to change
- Plan and prepare for change
- Implement the change.
- Sustain the change
Recognize the need for change
One of the most difficult stages in the change process
Requires identification of a need to change
Also that the need is broadly felt among all participants
Without full buy-in from all stakeholders, change efforts are likely to fail
Diagnosing What Needs to Be Changed
Models of organizational change tend to deal with the diagnosis of what needs to change by examining:
Leadership of the change process
Overall purpose of the change
Degree of planning involved in the change process
Planning and Preparing for Change
Change intervention that is most successful depends on:
Organization culture
Leadership
Timeline available for the change to be implemented
Purpose of the change
Implementing the Change
Successful change leaders use complex social networks and their political skills to achieve their desired outcome
Social networks - ties that an individual has with other individuals
Political skills - The ability to persuade, manipulate, and negotiate to achieve a particular outcome
Sustaining the Change
Once the change is implemented, steps must be taken to ensure that the organization does not slip back into its pre-change mode
Must fit with the organizational culture
Must be incorporated into existing mental models of how things work in the organization
Sustaining change requires measures to provide feedback
What is action research
An iterative trial and error process of discovery that involves:
Diagnosing the problem Planning a solution (action) Taking Action Evaluating the results/outcomes Specifying learning
What is the three-step model of change?
- Unfreezing
- Moving
- Refreezing
Unfreezing
Initial stage of organizational change: involves the development of a shared understanding among stakeholders that a particular change is necessary
Process requires three conditions:
- discrediting of the validity of the status quo
- Inducing survival anxiety
- Creating psychological safety
Moving
Second stage of a change process: involves the trial and error process of taking action to move the firm through the intended change
Refreezing
Organizational cultures that do not accept mistakes or that punish employees for mistakes will lead to defensive routines and single-loop learning
