Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

Question 1

How do you define energy?

Answer 1

Energy is the ability to do work (move)

Question 2

Give some examples of different types of

energy

Answer 2

1. Kinetic energy: energy associated with objects in motion
   ex-ball rolling down a hill
2. Potential Energy: energy associated with the potential to do work ex-ball at the top of a hill
3. Chemical energy: energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
   ex-petroleum

Question 3

Explain the 1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be transferred from 1 molecule to another

Question 4

The 1st law of thermodynamics and how it applies to cellular respiration

Answer 4

The energy stored in glucose can also be released through cellular respiration.

Question 5

Explain the 2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

• Energy conversions aren’t 100% efficient
• Whenever energy is converted from 1 form to another some of that energy is lost into the environment
• In most cases the energy is lost as heat

Question 6

Be able to label the following parts of a mitochondrion on a picture:

inner membrane (cristae)

Answer 6

folds created by the inner membrane( U)

Question 7

The 2nd law of thermodynamics and how this benefits humans

Answer 7

This is good for warm-blooded creatures like us because heat energy helps to maintain our body temperature.

Question 8

What are the stages of aerobic respiration in order?

Answer 8

1. Glycolysis
2. Oxidation of pyruvate (transition reaction)
3. Citric acid cycle
4. Oxidative phosphorylation
   - electron transport chain
   - chemiosmosis

Question 9

Be able to label the following parts of a mitochondrion on a picture:

Matrix

Answer 9

the space within the inner membrane (the inside stuff)

Question 10

Be able to label the following parts of a mitochondrion on a picture:

intermembrane space

Answer 10

the region between the inner and outer membranes -> )

Question 11

Be able to label the following parts of a mitochondrion on a picture:

outer membrane

Answer 11

fully surrounds the mitochondria()

Question 12

Explain the role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration reactions.

Answer 12

NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.The end result is water molecules

Question 13

Explain the events of the electron transport chain and chemoiosmosis

Answer 13

In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from one molecule to another, and energy released in these electron transfers is used to form an electrochemical gradient. In chemiosmosis, the energy stored in the gradient is used to make ATP.

Question 14

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 14

• Needs Oxygen
• Takes place in the Mitochondria
• Approx 36-38 per glucose

Question 15

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 15

• No Oxygen
• Takes place in Cytoplasm
• 2 ATP per 1 glucose

Question 16

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration (3 similarities)

Answer 16

1. Use glucose
2. Make ATP
3. Produce CO2 and H2O

Question 17

Explain why the fermentation reactions are important in anaerobic respiration

Answer 17

Fermentation is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) by glycolysis.