Ch. 13 Genetics and Inheritance (EXAM 4)

Question 1

Define genotype.

Answer 1

an organism’s genetic makeup, consisting of two alleles

Question 2

Define phenotype.

Answer 2

observable trait of an organism

Question 3

How are the two related?(genotype and phenotype)

Answer 3

Genotype determines phenotype

Question 4

What are the 3 laws of Inheritance?

Answer 4

The law of segregation

The law of independent assortment

Law of dominance.

Question 5

Law of Dominance

Answer 5

The Law of Dominance says that when an organism is heterozygous for a trait, only the dominant allele will produce a phenotype

Question 6

Law of Segregation

Answer 6

genes segregate equally into gametes such that offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting either factor

Question 7

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 7

genes do not influence each other with regards to the sorting of alleles into gametes and every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur

Question 8

complete dominance

with example

Answer 8

the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.

Example: Brown eyes, for example, is a trait that exhibits complete dominance:

Question 9

incomplete dominance
(with example)

Answer 9

when the heterozygous genotype produces a phenotype that is an intermediate between the two parental traits
○Example:
■Parent #1 has red flowers
■Parent #2 has white flowers
■Offspring have pink flowers

Question 10

codominance

with example

Answer 10

Codominance – when the heterozygous genotype results in both traits being expressed equally as the phenotype
○Example:
■Parent #1 has type “AA” blood
■Parent #2 has type “BB” blood
■Offspring will have type “AB” blood