Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards
sugar respiration
GLUCOSE + O2(roots) -> CO2 + H2O +Energy (atp/ heat)
Energy
Atp+heat
Uncontrolled reaction vs cellular respiration
uncontrolled explosively release heat and light energy as hydrogen gas turns to Water vs
Oxidation
loses electrons (oxidized)
Reduction
Gaining electrons (reduced)
released energy is used to synthesize…
ATP
The stages of respiration
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
glycolysis (where does this take place in the cell?)
glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate (still has relatively high free energy , just not as high as glucose)
Citric acid cycle
where does this take place in the cell?
Breaks 1 pyruvate (high ) to generate high energy electron carriers (low energy states) releasing CO2 and generating high energy electron carriers (used later)
Oxidative phosphorylation (where does this take place in the cell?)
uses higher energy (from CAC) to generate ATP. electron transfer from high energy carriers coupled to the make ATP.
Mitochondiral electron transport chain, Oxidative phosphorylation
- ) electron transport chain
2. ) chemiosmosis
ATP Synthase
pumps H+ into cell using ATP into ADP+P
Exergonic reaction
Releases energy, spontaneous high amount of energy released
Endergonic reaction
requires energy, non spontaneous, high amount of energy required
Movement of electrons
allow free energy to move throughout the cell and to be harnessed to do work
Sugar + O2
High energy states
CO2+H2O
Low energy state (how much energy required to boil water?)
Energy released from
-686 kcal/mol
ATP
3 phosphates, high energy state, move energy from one reaction (hormone synthesis requires atp) some is released at heat
Burn glucose
-686k kcal/mol
multistep
from high to low energy states (if uncontrolled is a dramatic release of exothermic energy as heat and light ) cellular metabolism however multistep via electron transport chain.
electron transport chain
energy goes through gradient, coupled to a process to generate ATP , harvested by ATP.
Mitochondria
pyruvate enters from outside where CAC, Oxidatin of phosphorylation, electron transport chain
Cytosol
where glycolysis takes place
Oxygen
required for cellular respiration because…
Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
electron transfer from 1 protein complex in a series while electrons are transferred to H2O (a low energy state)
how atp is made at electron transport chain
at electron transport chain ATP Synthase protein grabs H+ from high to low concentrations + ADP
