Chapter 9- Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What are oxidation and reduction reactants?
Oxidation: The substance loses electrons or is oxidized
Reduction: the substance gains electrons (the amount of positive charge is reduced)
What are redox reactions in biological processes?
Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called redox reactions; some redox reactions change the electron sharing in covalent bonds
Cellular respiration IS a redox process
Describe glycolysis
The spitting of sugar breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; occurs in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis is anaerobic and aerobic
Glucose and 2ATP go into the cycle and then 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH and 2 ATP are produced
What are the cellular locations of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol)
Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Input and output requirements of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis: Glucose and 2 ATP go in and 2 pyruvate, 2NADH and 2 ATP are produced
Krebs cycle: 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH go in and 6NADH and 4CO2 and 2 FADH are produced
Oxidative phosphorylation: 4CO2, 2FADH and 6NADH go in and 28ATP. H2O, 10NADH and 2FADH+ are produced
What is the role of chemiosmosis in oxidative phosphorylation?
During OP, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis
What is the role of ETC in chemiosmosis?
NADH and FADH are donated to the electron transport chain, electron transfer in the chain causes proteins in the chain to pump H+ ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
What is the relationship between the structure of the mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylation?
NADH passes electrons to the ETC during oxidative phosphorylation which is built into the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is alcoholic and lactic fermentation?
Alcohol: Pyruvate is converted into ethanol in 2 steps
Lactic: Pyruvate is reduced to NADH which then forms lactate as an end product
Substrate level phosphorylation VS oxidative phosphorylation
Fermentation uses substrate level phosphorylation instead of an ETC to generate ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation is also called the ETC, its main way of ATP synthesis is through the ETC
What is the cycling of CO2 through cellular respiration?
In cellular respiration, CO2 is being cycled by being released as a waste product during the break down of glucose specifically within the Krebs Cycle
