Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What happens when glucose is oxidized to CO2 by burning

Answer 1

some energy is released as heat and light

Question 2

Cellular Respiration in 4 processes

Answer 2

1) Glycolysis
2) pyruvate processing
3) citric acid cycle
4) electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

Glycolysis

Answer 3

six-carbon glucose is broken down into two 3 carbon pyruvate. Glucose is split into two groups of 3 pyruvate

Question 4

pyruvate processing

Answer 4

each pyruvate is oxidized to form acetyl CoA

Question 5

electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

electrons move through a transport chain and their energy is used to set up a proton gradient, which is used to make ATP

Question 6

cellular respiration

Answer 6

set of reactions that uses electrons from high-energy molecules to make ATP:
1) energy to generate ATP
2) a source of carbon to use as raw materials for synthesizing macromolecules

Question 7

catabolic pathways

Answer 7

breakdown of molecules, harvest stored chemical energy to produce ATP

Question 8

anabolic pathways

Answer 8

result in the synthesis of large molecules from small components, use energy in the form of ATP

Question 9

ATP production goes through three steps (Catabolic)

Answer 9

1) carbohydrates
2) fats
3) proteins

Question 10

In catabolic reactions what happens to the proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Answer 10

fats: broken down into glycerol
proteins: broken down into amino acids
carbohydrates: synthesize macromolecules

Question 11

homeostasis

Answer 11

maintaining a stable internal environment even under different environmental conditions

Question 12

3 key points of glycolysis

Answer 12

1) glycolysis starts by using two ATP in the energy investment phase (reactions 1-5)
2) during energy payoff phase (reactions 6-10) NADH is made and ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
3) net yield: 2 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate

Question 13

phosphofructokinase

Answer 13

high levels of ATP, 2 binding sites for ATP

Question 14

cristae

Answer 14

are extensions of the inner membrane
layers of sac-like structures, fill interior

Question 15

mitochondrial matrix

Answer 15

inside the inner membrane

Question 16

pyruvate processing

Answer 16

takes place in pyruvate dehydrogenas, located in mitochondrial matrix (eukaryotes) or cytosol (prokaryotes)

Question 17

pyruvate reactions

Answer 17

1 carbon is oxidized to CO2 and NADH is produced, the remaining 2 carbons attach to coenzyme A which produces acetyl CoA

Question 18

pyruvate processing puts in and comes out with what?

Answer 18

puts in: pyruvate, NAD+, and CoA
comes out: CO2, NADH, and acetyl CoA