Chapter 10: Photosynthesis Flashcards
photosynthesis
the use of sunlight to create carbohydrates, converts electromagnetic energy to chemical energy
photosynthesis requires what?
sunlight, CO2, and water
what is the opposite of cellular respiration
photosynthesis
photosynthesis and it’s two set of reactions
1)light dependent reactions produce O2 from H2O (water is split to form O2)
2)the Calvin cycle
where does photosynthesis occur
the chloroplast
what is the chloroplast surrounded by?
thylakoids
thylakoids
flattened vesucle like structures, forms grana
what is the space inside a thylakoid called
lumen
what is the space surrounding thylakoids called?
stroma
autotrophs
organisms that use photosynthesis (self-feeders)
heterotrophs
non-photosynthetic organisms (different feeders), have to obtain sugars from other organisms
what do the pigments in thylakoid membranes do
reflect to see color
electromagnetic radiation
form of energy, light is an example of this
electromagnetic radiation as a wave
light characterized by its wavelength, the difference in between two wave crests
electromagnetic radiation as a particle
light exists in discrete packets (photons)
electromagnetic spectrum displays what
displays the ranges of wavelengths of radiation
visible light
the portion that humans are able to see
photons
can be absorbed, transmitted, reflected when they strike an object
what are the two major classes of pigments in plants
chlorophyll and carotenoids
chlorophylls
absorb red and blue light, they also reflect and transmit green light
carotenoids
absorb blue and green light, reflect and transmit yellow, orange, and red light
absorption spectrum
plot of the wavelength of light absorbed by the pigment
who worked out the rules of inheritance through a series of experiments on garden peas
mendel
an individuals observable feautres comprise its what
phenotype
what organisms do photosynthesis
plants, fungi, algae, some bacteria
photosynthesis is a set of what reactions where what energy is converted to chemical
chemical reactions, light
where does photosynthesis occur
it occurs in the cells: mesophyll, epidermal, and vascular cells have chlorophyll which turns green and is where we see photosynthesis
chlorophyll
reflects green light, absorbs red and blue light
carotenoids
absorb blue and green light, reflect yellow, orange, and light
action spectrum
the rate of photosynthesis at each wavelength
fluorescence
occurs when electrons emit light as it falls back into the ground state
photosystem
when chlorophyll molecules work together in groups, two major elements: antenna complex and reaction center
in antenna complexes energy is typically transferred among pigment molecules by
resonance, transfer process which energy absorbed by the one pigment molecule is transferred to an adjacent pigment molecule without the emission of a photon
reaction center
1) drop back down to a low energy state causing flouresence
2) drop back down to a low energy state, releasing heat
3) excite an electron in a nearby pigment which induces resonance
4) be transferred to an electron acceptor in a redox reaction
photophosphorlyation
energy to make ATP comes from light energy
calvin cycle three phases
fixation, reduction, regenration
fixation
CO2 reacts with 5-carbon compound called ribulose bisphophate (RuBP)
reduction
the 3PGA are phosphorylated by ATP and reduced by NADPH, producing G3P
Regeneration
the remaining G3P is used in reactions that use ATP to regenerate RuBP
stomata
pores in plants
