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AP US Government > Chapter 9: Campaigns and Voting Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Campaigns and Voting Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a nomination?

A

A party’s official endorsement of a candidate

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2
Q

What is campaign strategy?

A

This is the master game plan. Includes the platforms you believe in and the image that you convey

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3
Q

What is the national convention?

A

This is when delegates decide through voting who they endorse

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4
Q

What is the invisible primary?

A

This is the period of time before any votes are cast, in which candidates gain support from elected officials (congressional members), fundraisers, and gain a positive political image

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5
Q

In what two ways can you get nominated?

A

Through a caucus or a primary

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6
Q

What is a primary versus a caucus?

A

A primary is when registered voters go to a polling place and cast a vote for one party. A caucus is when registered voters meet as a group, support a candidate, and choose a delegate

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7
Q

Where does the first caucus and primary take place?

A

The first caucus is in Iowa, and the first primary is in New Hampshire

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8
Q

What is frontloading?

A

These are the caucuses and primaries that are in the beginning of election season. Frontloading brings a lot of media to your state, which brings money, and it often shows the top contenders

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9
Q

What are some criticisms of primary/caucus frontloading?

A
  • disproportionate amount of attention to Iowa and New Hampshire
  • politicians must run “two campaigns”
  • money plays too large of a role
  • turnout at primaries and caucuses are low (25%)
  • media controls the agenda
  • late primaries are already decided before you vote
  • people aren’t knowledgable on all the candidates
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10
Q

What are some components of high tech campaigning?

A
  • direct mail (computer generated advertising sent to registered voters)
  • TV ads
  • news media
  • internet
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11
Q

What do you need to run a campaign?

A
  • invisible primary
  • money
  • campaign manager
  • pollster
  • website
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12
Q

What did the Federal Election Campaign Act, FECA establish in 1974?

A

They said that you report how the money was raised and what you spend the money on

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13
Q

What department overseas FECA?

A

The Federal Elections Commission, FEC

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14
Q

What act did the FEC pass?

A

-McCain-Feingold Act, which limited soft money. Individuals were not allowed to donate $1000 to a candidate/year, and corporations can only donate $10,000 to a candidate/year

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15
Q

What supreme court case said that the McCain-Feingold act was unconstitutional?

A

Citizens United vs. FEC, 2010. Citizens United said that the McCain-Feingold Act violated 1st amendment freedom of speech

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16
Q

How can you donate through the IRS?

A
  • donate $3 to campaign

- IRS will match your funds up to $250

17
Q

What is a 527 group?

A

It is an independent political group that is not subject to IRS restrictions, but they do not seek the election of any one candidate or specific party

18
Q

What is a 501(c)?

A

This is a group that cannot spend more than half of their funds on a party, but they don’t have to report their contributions

19
Q

What is a PAC and who donates to PACs the most often?

A

A PAC is a Political Action Committee. Interest groups are the largest contributors. Unlimited amounts of money can be spent from PACs

20
Q

What is selective perception?

A

People pay attention to news, elections, and events that affect them personally. Also based on predispositions

21
Q

What amendments have to do with voting and what do they say?

A
  • 15th: You cannot be denied the right to vote based on race
  • 19th: Women’s suffrage
  • 24th: no poll tax
  • 26th: lowered voting age from 21 to 18
22
Q

What is the motor voter act of 1993?

A

You can register to vote at the DMV

23
Q

What are the positions on a National Voter ID Card?

A

Republicans are generally for it, Democrats generally against it

24
Q

How do people vote?

A
  • political efficacy
  • civic duty
  • mandate theory of elections
  • policy voting
  • party identification
  • evaluation of the candidate
  • retrospective voting
25
Q

What is political efficacy?

A

The belief that your vote actually matters

26
Q

What is the Mandate Theory of Elections?

A

The idea that winning candidates have a mandate from the people to carry out their platform

27
Q

What is policy voting?

A

Electoral choices based on the candidate’s policies

28
Q

What is retrospective voting?

A

This is primarily done with re-elections. The people what the candidate has done and make a decision based on that

29
Q

What are the two different forms of state ballots?

A

Referendum and Initiative

30
Q

What is a referendum?

A

Where voters are given the chance to approve of disapprove of a legislative act or bond issue

31
Q

What is an initiative?

A

A petition with signatures of 10% of registered voters from previous election

32
Q

You are more likely to vote if…

A
  • higher education
  • worst turnout 18-25 year olds
  • whites vote more frequently
  • woman
  • married
  • living longer at a residence
  • union member or government employee
33
Q

Explain the electoral college

A
  • Article II in the Constitution
  • Winner takes all
  • 2000 Bush-Gore Election, Bush won the electoral college and Gore won the popular vote. Went to the supreme court, and Bush ended up winning
34
Q

Why do other countries have a higher voting turnout?

A
  • only vote once a year
  • have the whole weekend to vote
  • automatic registration
  • parties are not as drastic
35
Q

How is Nebraska different from other states?

A

They are unicameral and have a proportional voting system

36
Q

How are Ohio and Florida different from other states?

A
  • swing states
  • money goes into TV ads here more than other states
  • staged media events
  • candidates spend more time in these states

AP US Government (17 decks)

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