Chapter 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

What are Civil Rights?

Answer 1

Protect minorities against discrimination; Rights that protect those that have been historically discriminated against
ex. Brown vs Board of Education

Question 2

What are Civil Liberties?

Answer 2

Protect your bill of rights

ex. Engel vs Vitale

Question 3

Where is equal protection under the law found?

Answer 3

In the 14th amendment

Question 4

What is the classification ‘inherently suspect’?

Answer 4

Blatant discrimination, from gender to age to race, etc

Question 5

What is the classification ‘intermediate scrutiny’?

Answer 5

Difficult to judge whether it is discrimination or not, usually gender issue

Question 6

What is the classification ‘reasonable’?

Answer 6

Legitimate purpose for why you have been denied something

Question 7

What in the constitution pertains to African Americans?

Answer 7

Slaves are property; 3/5 compromise

Question 8

What does Sanford vs Scott do?

Answer 8

Says that no black man, free or slave, has rights

Question 9

What does the 13th amendment do?

Answer 9

Abolishes slavery and overturned the 3/5 compromise

Question 10

What does the 15th amendment do?

Answer 10

Voting rights for all races

Question 11

What does Plessy vs Ferguson do?

Answer 11

Establishes that separate is equal, which leads to Jim Crow laws and segregation

Question 12

What does Brown vs Board of Education do?

Answer 12

Overturns Plessy vs Ferguson, and says that separate is not equal; class action lawsuit; NAACP supplied an amicus curiae brief, as well as a lawyer

Question 13

What is an amicus curiae brief?

Answer 13

When someone who is not a party to a case and offers information that bears on the case, but who has not been solicited by any of the parties to assist a court

Question 14

What is the Little Rock 9 (1957)?

Answer 14

This is the first altercation with students who wanted to integrate, but were denied

Question 15

When was the NAACP established?

Answer 15

1906

Question 16

What did Rosa Parks do to help the Civil Rights movement?

Answer 16

She wouldn’t give up her seat on the bus

Question 17

What does Swann vs Charlotte Mecklenburg County School (1971) do?

Answer 17

Busses had to be provided to promote integration in schools

Question 18

What does the Civil Rights Act (1964) do?

Answer 18

Said that racial discrimination was illegal in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other public accommodations; also says that racial and gender discrimination is illegal with jobs

Question 19

Who was responsible for the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act?

Answer 19

Lyndon B. Johnson

Question 20

What does the Voting Rights Act (1965) do?

Answer 20

Prohibits racial discrimination in voting

Question 21

Why was the Voting Rights Act (1965) implemented successfully?

Answer 21

Government employees went in and enforced it

Question 22

What does Harper vs Virginia Board of Elections do?

Answer 22

No poll taxes; influenced the 24th amendment

Question 23

What is de jure?

Answer 23

By law

Question 24

What is de facto?

Answer 24

By fact

Question 25

What does Korematsu vs United States do?

Answer 25

Said it was legal to put Japanese in internment camps. Took away the basic rights of the Japanese people

Question 26

What does Hernandez vs Texas do?

Answer 26

Ruled that Hispanics had to be allowed on juries as they weren’t previously

Question 27

Why did some women think the 19th amendment wasn’t necessary?

Answer 27

Because the 14th amendment says there is equal protection under the law

Question 28

When does the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) come up?

Answer 28

1923, didn’t have a lot of support; comes up again in 1972 but doesn’t get passed

Question 29

What is the result of Reed vs Reed (1971)?

Answer 29

Gender cannot be the sole factor in custody hearings

Question 30

What does Craig vs Boren do?

Answer 30

This had to do with gender classifications when it came to alcohol; Ruled that by the 14th amendment there could be no arbitrary classification based on sex

Question 31

What does the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) do?

Answer 31

Outlines specifically what you can’t discriminate on; says you are allowed to sue based on gender discrimination; includes Title IX

Question 32

What does Title IX say?

Answer 32

There can be no sex discrimination in federally subsidized education programs, including athletics; each sport gets equal opportunities, need based

Question 33

What does Faragher vs City of Boca Raton (1990) do?

Answer 33

Employers are responsible for preventing and eliminating harassment at work

Question 34

What is the “Glass Ceiling”?

Answer 34

An imaginary barrier in advancement in jobs for women

Question 35

How are the elderly and the youth discriminated against?

Answer 35

They are usually denied jobs because of their age

Question 36

What does the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) do?

Answer 36

• prevents discrimination in employment
• must provide ‘reasonable accommodations’ for those with disabilities (ex. wheelchair ramps, handicapped parking and bathroom stalls, etc)

Question 37

What is affirmative action?

Answer 37

Providing more opportunities in employment and other applications in order to rectify previous discrimination against minorities

Question 38

What does Regents of University of CA vs Bakke do?

Answer 38

Says that affirmative action is allowed but you cannot set quotas

Question 39

What does United Steel Workers of America, AFL-CIO vs Weber do?

Answer 39

Court permits special training on racial discrimination to rectify years of past discriminations

Question 40

What does Adarand Constructors vs Pena do?

Answer 40

• federal programs cannot define/separate by race

- no affirmative action when it comes to federal money

Question 41

What does Gratz vs Bollinger do?

Answer 41

• the court struck down University of Michigan’s policy of giving minorities an automatic 20%
• says affirmatve action has to be reasonable and cannot be the sole purpose of being admitted