Chapter 9- Blood & Nutrition Flashcards
Why do they use hydroxycarbamide in sickle cell disease
It can reduce the frequency of crises and the need for blood transfusions
Which gender is G6PD deficiency most common in?
Males
What ethnicity is G6PD deficiency most common in
African
Asian
Oceania
Southern Europe
Patients with G6PD deficiency are susceptible to what when they take certain drugs
Acute haemolytic anaemia
True or false: darbepoetin has a longer half life than epoetin therefore can be administered more frequently
False - less frequently
Haemoglobin target
10-12g/100ml
True or false: ascorbic acid can increase the absorption of iron
True
There have been reports of what with IV iron
Serious hypersensitivity reactions
Iron PO can cause what side effects
Constipation that can lead to faecal impaction Diarrhoea Epigastric pain GI Nausea
When the haemoglobin is in range- treatment with iron should continue for how long
3 months to replenish the iron stores
Most megaloblastic anaemias result from a lack of either of what two things
Vitamin B12
Folate
What do you give if someone has megaloblastic anaemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Hydroxocobalamin every 3 months (which has replaced cyanocobalamon due to its longer half life)
For folate deficient megaloblastic anaemia what is given?
Daily folic acid for 4 months
Other that folic acid, what is good in folate deficient megaloblastic anaemia
Folinic acid (calcium folinate) but generally used in association with cytotoxic drugs
Caution with folic acid?
Never give alone for pernicious anaemia (may precipitate subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord)
Folic acid can be sold to the public providing the dose does not exceed what?
500mcg
Name three iron chelators used in iron overload
Deferasirox
Deferiprone
Desferrioxamine
MHRA advice with calcium gluconate 10%
Give the plastic version not glass in patients under 18 and those with renal impairment due to risk of aluminium accumulation
Why does magnesium cause laxative effects
It’s not well absorbed in the GI tract
What’s used for the management of magnesium toxicity
Calcium gluconate
If someone has acute porphyria and require a treatment contraindicated but there is no alternative and it’s a life threatening condition - what should be monitored?
Urinary porphobilinogen excretion
What can be administered for haem replacement in moderate, severe or unremitting acute porphyria crises
Haem arginate by short IV infusion
What prevents the absorption of copper in Wilson’s disease
Zinc acetate
Trientine dihydrochloride
What lowers plasma zinc concentration
Hypoproteinaemia
Deficiency of vitamin A is associated with what
Ocular defects and increased susceptibility to infections
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) therapy is essential in what?
Scurvyyyy
Why might patients with fat malabsorption especially in biliary obstruction or hepatic disease become deficient in vitamin K
Because vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin
What is given to prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy
Folic acid
Another name for vitamin A and why is it needed
Retinol
Helps night vision
Sources of vitamin A
Eggs
Butter
Fish oils
Name for vitamin B 1
Thiamine
What vitamin is riboflavin
Vitamin B 2
What is vitamin B6
Pyridoxine
What is vitamin B 12
Cyanocobalamin
Signs of vitamin C deficiency
Gingival bleeding
Scurvy
Bleeding margins
Petechia of skin
Vitamin D2
Ergocalciferol
Vitamin D3
Cholecalciferol
Another name for vitamin E
Tocopherol
Another name for vitamin K and what’s the water soluble version
Menapthone
Menadiol
Why is vitamin K given to newborns
Prevent haemorrhagic disease
