Chapter 13- Skin Flashcards
Why is urea used with other topical ingredients
To enhance penetration of the skin
Caution with paraffin based products - why?
Flammable!
A mild corticosteroid (0.5-1%) can be used in nappy rash for how long
No more than a week
Topical skin products should be applied in the direction of hair growth - why?
To reduce risk of folliculitis
What topical product is used for MRSA
Chlorhexidine scrub and mupirocin
What can be used for acute impetigo
Short term application of fusidic acid
Oral antibiotic good for skin infections and why?
Flucloxacillin Good penetration into skin
Mupiricin and fusidic acid should not be used for longer than what and why
10 days risk of if resistance
What’s used in the treatment of infected burns
Silver sulfadiazine
To prevent relapse - local antifungal treatment is continued for how long after the disappearance of infection
1-2 weeks
Name three treatment options for scabies
Permethrin Malathion Benzyl benzoate (less effective)
How do you use dimeticone for headlice
8-12 hrs repeat after 7 days
Malathion used for headlice has problems with what?
Resistance
What’s the wet combing method of headlice removal
Plastic detection comb Over 30 mins 4 days intervals For minimum of 2 weeks Continue until no lice found on 3 consecutive occasions
What’s used to treat crab lice
Permethrin Malathion
Psoriasis can be provoked or exacerbated by what drugs
Lithium Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Beta blockers NSAIDs ACEI
Emollients in addition to their effects on dryness, scaling and crackling have what additional effect in psoriasis
Anti-proliferative
More specific topical treatment for chronic stable plaque psoriasis on extensor surfaces of trunk and limbs involved the use of vitamin D analogues - name three
Coal tar Dithranol Retinoid tazarotene
First line treatment for scalp psoriasis
Tar based shampoo
Second line treatment for scalp psoriasis
Keratolytic such as salicylic acid
The keratolytic effect of salicylic acid does what to the absorption of topical corticosteroids
Facilitates it
OTC advice with hydrocortisone cream
Can be sold for allergic contact dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, insect bite, mild to moderate eczema in patients over 10 to be applied sparingly for OD/BD for max 1 week (should not be sold to children under 10, pregnancy, or for application to:face, anogenital region, broken/infected skin)
Canestan HC (clotrimazole + hydrocortisone) can be sold OTC when?
15g tube for athletes foot and fungal infection of skin folds with associated inflammation in patients 10years and over
A 15g tube of hydrocortisone with miconazole is on sale OTC for what
Treatment of athletes foot and candida intertrigo
What can be used for hyperhidrosis (perspiration)
Aluminium chloride hexahydrate Oxybutinin Botox
List systemic diseases that can cause pruritus
Obstructive jaundice
Endocrine disease
Chronic renal disease
Iron deficiency
Malignant diseases
What can be used to relieve pruritus
Levomenthol cream Crotamiton preps Calamine (ineffective) Doxepine 5% (used in eczema but drowsiness and sensitisation risk)
Pruritus is common is biliary obstruction especially in primary biliary cirrhosis and drug induced cholestasis - what’s the drug of choice in this case?
Oral administration of colestyramine
Treatment of choice in insect bites or stings
Short course topical corticosteroids +- sedating antihistamine
Topical antihistamines should be avoided in eczema and are not recommended for longer than what
3days
Name a hormone oral preparation used for acne that’s used in women only
Co-cyprindiol (cyproterone acetate with ethinylestradiol)
Treatment for mild to moderate acne
Benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoid
Oral antibacterial for acne
Oxytetracyclin Tetracycline Doxycycline Lymecycline
Minocycline is as effective as other tetracyclines for use in acne but is associated with what
Greater risk of lupus erythematosus like syndrome and can cause irriversible pigmentation
Side effects of isotretinoin
Dryness of skin Dryness of mucous membranes Nose bleeds Joint pain Teratogenic
Side effects/ further information with isotretinoin
Risk of pancreatitis if triglycerides >9mmol/litre Psychiatric side effects Visual disturbances Skin peeling
Treatment options for mild seborrhoeic dermatitis
Shampoos containing antimicrobials agents such as pyrithione zinc and selenium Ketoconazole Corticosteroid gels
Cradle cap can be treated with what
Coconut oil Olive oil
Hirsutism may result from hormonal disorders or as side effects of drugs such as..
Minoxidil Corticosteroids Anabolic steroid Androgens Danazol progestogens
Treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Finasteride Topical minoxidil
What skin condition is this and how to treat it?
ACNE:
The sebaceous (oil-producing) glands of people who get acne are particularly sensitive to normal blood levels of certain hormones, which are present in both men and women. These cause the glands to produce an excess of oil (bacteria multiply here). At the same time, the dead skin cells lining the pores are not shed properly and clog up the follicles.
what is folliculitis?
when hair follicules are damaged and invaded by pathogens and bacteria
what is this? and treatment
Hives. Rasied, itchy and red rash caused by contact with an allergen. antibiotics can cause it, and allergic reaction to drugs.
Treatment might be an epipen depending on severity. Alternatively, treatment might also be Antihistamines.
dose of epipen to give in anaphylaxis?
under 6 years: 150 mcg
6-12 years: 300 mcg (and pre-pubescent kids)
pubescent 12 - 18 and adults 500 mcg.
Every 5 minutes
