Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

British National Formulary > Chapter 1- GI System > Flashcards

Chapter 1- GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Name 7 antibiotics that can cause C Diff infection

A
  1. Ampicillin
  2. Amoxicillin
  3. Co-amoxiclav
  4. 2nd gen cephalosporins
  5. 3rd gen cephalosporins
  6. Clindamycin
  7. Quinolones

Can all cause C Diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name three treatment options for C Diff

A

Metronidazole Vancomycin Fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name two chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

A

Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name three classes of drug used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases

A

Aminosalicylates Corticosteroids Immune response drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name four aminosalicylates used in IBS

A

Balsalazide Mesalazine Olsalazine Sulfasalazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name four corticosteroids used in IBS

A

Hydrocortisone Beclometasone Budesonide Prednisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name four drugs used in IBS that effect the immune system

A

Ciclosporin Azathioprine Mercaptopurine Methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name four monoclonal antibodies used in IBS

A

Infliximab Adalimumab Golimumab Vedolizumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA of colestyramine and why is it used in IBS

A

Binds bile salts- can get loss of bile salt absorption in IBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abuse of laxatives can lead to what?

A

Hypokalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 5 classes of laxatives

A

Bulk forming Stimulants Faecal softeners Osmotic laxatives Other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stimulant laxatives can cause what?

A

Abdominal cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which antacids are constipating

A

Aluminium containing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which antacids are laxatives

A

Magnesium containing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you treat H.pylori

A

One week triple therapy: PPI Clarithromycin Amoxicillin or metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the MHRA warning for PPIs?

A

Low risk of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why can antimuscarinics/anticholinergics be used in IBS?

A

They reduce intestinal motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is diverticular disease?

A

Where the diverticula (sac-like protrusions of mucosa through the muscular colonic wall) cause intermittent lower abdominal pain in absence of inflammation/infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

When the diverticula become inflamed and infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false: peppermint oil can irritate the mouth or oesophagus

A

TRUE so don’t chew or break the capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When are bulk forming laxatives appropriate?

A

When the diet is deficient in fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When are stimulant laxatives appropriate

A

To increase intestinal motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does linaclotide work

A

Increases intestinal fluid secretion and transit, and decreases visceral pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do antimotility drugs work

A

Bind to opioid receptors in the GI tract and therefore prolong the duration of intestinal transit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name two potentially carcinogenic stimulant laxatives

A

Co-danthramer Co-danthrusate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What laxative can be used to treat hepatic encephalopathy and why

A

Lactulose- it discourages the proliferation of ammonia-producing organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why are bismuth containing antacid products (unless chelates) not recommended

A

Absorbed bismuth can be neurotoxic, causing encephalopathy; they can be constipating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Calcium containing antacids can induce what?

A

Rebound acid secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Prolonged high doses of calcium containing antacids can cause what

A

Hypercalcaemia and alkalosis and can precipitate the milk-alkali syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is simeticone

A

Activated dimeticone is added to an antacid as an antifoaming agent to relieve flatulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What preparation may be useful for the relief of hiccup in palliative care

A

Simeticone

32
Q

What gastroprotective complex/chelator has been associated with bezoar formation?

A

Sucralfate

33
Q

List indications for antimuscarinic drugs

A

Arrhythmias

Asthma

Airway disease

Motion sickness

Parkinsonism

Urinary incontinence

Mydriasis

34
Q

What’s the predominant primary bile acid in humans?

A

Cholic acid

35
Q

What is linaclotide

A

Guanylate Cyclase-C receptor agonist laxative used in moderate to severe IBS with constipation

36
Q

How do bulk forming laxatives work

A

Relieve constipation by increasing faecal mass which stimulates peristalsis

37
Q

Which type of laxative needs adequate fluid intake to avoid intestinal obstruction

A

Ispaghula husk

38
Q

True or false: ispaghula husk should be taken just before going to bed

A

FALSE

39
Q

How does lubiprostone work

A

Is a chloride channel activator that acts locally in the gut to increase intestinal fluid secretion and intestinal motility (=laxative effect)

40
Q

MOA of prucalopride

A

A selective serotonin 5HT4 receptor agonist with prokinetic properties – increases motility of intestine

41
Q

True or false: bisacodyl is an osmotic laxative

A

False it’s a stimulant

42
Q

Co-danthramer stimulant laxative can make your urine blue: true or false?

A

False- can make it red

43
Q

What component of the metabolised sennisides from senna stimulates peristalsis?

A

The anthrone component

44
Q

What type of laxative is sodium picosulfate

A

Stimulant

45
Q

True or false: loperamide acts on opioid receptors in the GI tract and does not readily cross the BBB

A

True

46
Q

Name an enkephalinase inhibitor used in the treatment of diarrhoea

A

Racecadotril

47
Q

True or false: antacids can damage enteric coatings designed to prevent dissolution in the stomach

A

True!

48
Q

Tripotassium dicitratobismuthate is a gastroprotective complex/chelate that can cause what two things?

A

Darkened tongue and blackened faeces

49
Q

True or false: PPIs can increase the risk of fractures but do not increase the risk of GI infections

A

False they increase the risk of both fractures and GI infections

50
Q

PPIs can cause hypomagnesaemia true or false?

A

True

51
Q

Symptoms of dyspepsia

A

Upper abdominal pain Fullness Early satiety Bloating Nausea

52
Q

Alarm features with dyspepsia?

A

Bleeding Dysphagia Recurrent vomiting Weight loss >55 yrs with unexplained recent onset dyspepsia

53
Q

Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

A

Heartburn Acid regurgitation Dysphasia Oesophagitis Ulceration

54
Q

Treatment for GORD in pregnancy

A

1) lifestyle 2) antacids 3) Ranitidine 4) PPI

55
Q

Treatment of GORD in normal patients (I.e not pregs)

A

1) lifestyle 2) antacids 3) PPI 4) H2 receptor antagonist

56
Q

Treatment of GORD in children

A

1) feed thickener or alteration in feed frequency 2) alginate 3) specialist

57
Q

Gaviscon and peptic contain what three ingredients

A

Sodium alginate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium carbonate

58
Q

What makes gaviscon advance?

A

Also contains potassium bicarbonate

59
Q

Main aim of treating diarrhoea

A

Prevent or reverse electrolyte and fluid depletion

60
Q

Three main categories of medication to treat ulcerative colitis and crohns

A

Aminosalicylates (meslazine, sulfasalazine) Azathiopurine/mercaptopurine Corticosteroids

61
Q

Side effects of long term corticosteroids include what three things?

A

Osteoporosis Hypertension Diabetes

62
Q

Counselling for aminosalicylates

A

Report any: bruising, bleeding, fever, sore throat, malaise Orange/yellow staining of body fluids

63
Q

Which type of fibre is better in IBS and give an example

A

Soluble fibre such as oats rather than insoluble such as bran

64
Q

How long does senna take to work?

A

8-12 hrs

65
Q

How long does bisacodyl take to work

A

10-12 hrs

66
Q

How long does docusate take to work

A

24-48 hrs

67
Q

How long does lactulose take to work

A

48 hrs

68
Q

How long does ispaghula husk take to work

A

Few days

69
Q

What is arachais oil

A

Faecal softener- peanut oil

70
Q

First line treatment of rectal problems e.g haemorrhoids

A

Soothing - zinc oxide Pain relief - lidocaine Combination preps - corticosteroids + anaesthetic

71
Q

What diuretic would you give if someone has a stoma

A

Potassium sparing due to risk of losing electrolytes

72
Q

Is colestyramine absorbed in the GI tract?

A

No

73
Q

Counselling points for pancreatin

A

Inactivated by gastric acid so take with or just after fluid Take with plenty of fluid

74
Q

Fat soluble vitamins include:

A

D E A K

75
Q

Sucralfate

A

A gastroprotective complex/chelator has been associated with bezoar formation

British National Formulary (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions