Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Counseling and Psychotherapy > Chapter 9: Behavior Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Behavior Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Who may be considered the father of the behavioral approach to psychology?

A

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Albert Bandura developed a notion that we are solely reactive organisms shaped by environmental forces or driven by inner impulses.

A

FALSE.

His social cognitive theory said the opposite—we are not simply those things. He explored how inner cognitive-affective forces motivate human behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Contemporary behavior therapy is applied using treatments based on traditional learning theory.

A

FALSE.

It is no longer limited to those, and now, it increasingly overlaps with other theoretical approaches and evidence-based techniques.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which group criticized traditional behavior therapy when it arose in the 1950s?

A

The psychoanalytic psychoterapists, due to the focus of TBT demonstrating that its own techniques were effective and were a viable alternative to psychoanalytic therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four major areas of development in contemporary behavior therapy?

A

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social-cognitive theory, and cognitive behavior therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What term refers to what happens prior to learning that creates a response through pairing?

A

Classical conditioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which type of conditioning involves a type of learning in which behaviors are influenced mainly by the consequences that follow them?

A

Operant conditioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Bandura, what is the individual’s belief or expectation that he or she can master a situation and bring about desired change?

A

Self-efficacy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Cognitive behavioral therapy operates on the assumption that what people believe influences how they act and feel.

A

TRUE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does it mean when the mechanism of change is cognitive?

A

Thoughts are modified to change behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does it mean when the mechanism of change is behavioral?

A

External factors that would lead to behavior change are altered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Contemporary behavior therapy is grounded on a scientific view of human behavior that accomodates a systematic and structured approach to counseling.

A

TRUE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The current trend in behavior therapy is toward developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom.

A

TRUE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A defining characteristic of behavior therapy is based on “feeling the way of the client by means of emphatic approaches”.

A

FALSE.

This is based on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Like Gestalt therapy, behavior therapy operates using experiments.

A

FALSE.

There are treatment goals in behavior therapy that are agreed upon by client and therapist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Behavioral concepts and procedures are stated explicitly, tested empirically within a conceptual framework, and revised continually.

A

TRUE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Behavior therapy deals with analyzing possible historical determinants.

A

FALSE.

Behavior therapy deals with the client’s current problems and the factors influencing them today.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What facet of the client does behavior therapy seek to emphasize upon?

A

Specific factors that influence present functioing and what factors can be used to modify performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Clients involved in behavior therapy are required to ACT to bring about change.

A

TRUE. (They monitor their behaviors both during and outside therapy sessions, learn and practice coping skills, and role-play new behavior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the goal of reinforcement, whether positive or negative, in behavior therapy?

A

The goal is to increase the target behavior agreed upon by the client and the counselor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the L-word viewed as being at the core of therapy?

A

LEARNING!

This is because behavior therapy is an action-oriented and an educational approach. Clients learn new and adaptive behaviors to replace old and maladaptive behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The behavior therapy approach assumes change can take place without insight into underlying dynamics and without understanding the origins of a psychological problem.

A

TRUE.

As phrased nicely in the book, “Although it is true that insight and understanding about the contingencies that exacerbate one’s problems can supply motivation to change, knowing that one has a problem and knowing /how/ to change it are two different things.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is assessment and evaluation of interventions critical to behavioral approaches?

A

This is used to determine whether the behavior change resulted from the procedure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the general goals of behavior therapy?

A

To increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What procedure is a systematic gathering of information to identify maintaining conditions of the client?

A

Functional assessment, or behavioral analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

According to the ABC model, what are the two components which behavior (B) is influenced by?

A

Antecedents and consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What cues or elicits certain behaviors?

A

Antecedents, or antecedent events.

28
Q

What are events that maintain a behavior in some way, either by increasing or decreasing it?

A

Consequences.

29
Q

What is the therapist’s task in doing a behavioral assessment interview?

A

To identify the particular antecedent and consequent events that influence, or are functionally related to an individual’s behavior.

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Behaviorally oriented practitioners rely heavily on empirical evidence about the efficacy of the techniques they apply to particular problems.

A

TRUE.

31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Clients need only act within the therapy session to achieve success in changing their behaviors.

A

FALSE.

On the contrary, clients are expected to cooperate in carrying out therapeutic activities, both during therapy sessions and in daily life, otherwise, chances of therapy being successful are slim. Clients must act, and not simply gather insights.

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Behavior practitioners stress that traits from the therapist such as warmth, empathyu, authenticity, permissiveness, and acceptance are sufficient for behavior change to occur.

A

FALSE.

These are necessary, not sufficient. This is unlike experiential therapies (such as existential therapy, person-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy) which place primary emphasis on the nature of the engagement between counselor and client.

33
Q

What type of reinforcement involves the addition of something of value to the indivual as consequence of certain behavior?

A

Positive reinforcement.

34
Q

What type of reinforcement motivates an individual to exhibit a desired behavior to escape or avoid an unpleasant condition?

A

Negative reinforcement.

35
Q

What is an operant method of changing behavior that refers to withholding reinforcement from a previously reinforced response?

A

Extinction.

36
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: An example of the extinction process is exhbited when a child who has been positively reinforced to throw tantrums is ignored this time by the parents, and the tantrums either stop or it may have negative side effects.

A

TRUE.

37
Q

What method of controlling behavior describes where the consequences of a certain behavior result in decrease of that behavior?

A

Punishment.

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The goal of reinforcement is to decrease target behavior, while the goal of punishment is to increase target behavior.

A

FALSE.

It’s the other way around. The goal of reinforcement is to INCREASE, and the goal of punishment is to DECREASE.

39
Q

What type of punishment involves an aversive stimulus being added?

A

Positive punishment.

40
Q

What type of punishment involves a reinforcing stimulus being subtracted?

A

Negative punishment.

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Punishment in behavior therapy is known to be the most powerful change agent.

A

FALSE.

This title is reserved for positive reinforcement. Punishment, being aversive, is not encouraged by some practitioners, as in the applied behavior analysis approach, the key principle is to use the least aversive means possible—this is positive reinforcement.

42
Q

Where is progressive muscle relaxation most commonly used?

A

For problems related with stress and anxiety, which are often manifested in psychosomatic symptoms.

43
Q

What is a basic behavioral procedure developed by Joseph Wolpe where in clients imagine successively more anxiety-arousing situations at the same time that they engage in a behavior that competes with anxiety so that they are gradually or systematically desensitized to the anxiety-arousing situation?

A

Systematic desensitization.

44
Q

What are three steps in systematic desensitization?

A
  1. Relaxation training
  2. Constructing an anxiety hierarchy
  3. Systematic desensitization
45
Q

What type of therapy is designed to treat fears and other negative emotional responses by introducing clients, under carefully controlled conditions, to the situations that contributed to such problems?

A

Exposure therapies.

46
Q

What are the two types of systematic confrontation with a feared stimulus?

A

Imaginal exposure or in vivo (live) exposure

47
Q

What is the main idea behind exposure therapies that spells out the key in why they are effective?

A

“Although the client experiences anxiety during the exposure, the feared consequences do not occur.”

48
Q

What type of therapy is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EDMR)?

A

It is a form of exposure therapy. It treats individuals with traumatic memories.

49
Q

What type of therapy involves the use of rapid, rhythmic eye movements and other bilateral stimulation to treat clients who have experienced traumatic stress?

A

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

50
Q

What is a broad category that is used to help clients develop and achieve skills in interpersonal competence?

A

Social skills training.

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Wow, behavior therapy in terms of self-management is like bullet journaling and trackers.

A

HELLA TRUE.

52
Q

Which type of therapy possesses the underlying assumption that because individuals are troubled by a variety of specific problems, it is appropriate that a multitude of treatment strategies be used in bringing about change?

A

Multimodal therapy.

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The treatment of multimodal therapy is “felt” through by the therapist.

A

FALSE.

Although the assessment process is multimodal, the treatment is cognitive behavioral and draws upon empirically supported methods

54
Q

What is “awareness without judgment”?

A

Mindfulness.

55
Q

What is a process involving receiving one’s present experience without judgment or reference, but with curiosity and kindness, and striving for full awareness of the present moment?

A

Acceptance.

56
Q

What was dialactical behavior therapy (DBT) originally developed to treat?

A

Chronically suicidal individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: DBT is now recognized as a major psychological treatment for the BPD population.

A

TRUE.

It was formulated by Linehan, who was motivated to alleviate emotional suffering for those miserable enough to consider suicide.

58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: DBT treatment includes both acceptance- and change-oriented strategies.

A

TRUE.

The treatment program is geared toward helping clients make changes in their behavior and environment while communicating acceptance of their current state.

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: DBT is popularly known as a “quick fix” approach.

A

FALSE.

It involves a minimum of one year of treatment, and includes both individual therapy and skills training done in a group.

60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: DBT involves a form of exposure therapy in which the client learns to tolerate painful emotions without enacting self-destructive behaviors.

A

TRUE.

61
Q

What are the four modules used to teach skills in DBT?

A

Mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.

(Mind is exercising delicateness)

62
Q

Which fundamental skill in DBT teaches individuals to embrace and tolerate intense emotions in distressing situations?

A

Mindfulness.

63
Q

Which fundamental skill in DBT teaches clients to maintain self-respect as well as relationships with others?

A

Interpersonal effectiveness.

64
Q

Which fundamental skill in DBT teaches clients how to learn the benefits of regulating emotions such as anger, depression, and anxiety?

A

Emotional regulation.

65
Q

Which fundamental skill in DBT teaches clients how to tolerate pain or discomfort skillfully?

A

Distress tolerance.

66
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Behavior therapy stresses gathering insights, as opposed to doing.

A

FALSE.

Behavior therapy stresses doing!

Counseling and Psychotherapy (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions