Chapter 9 Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

autonomic is in charge of

Answer 1

viscera, maintain visceral homeostasis

circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretions, body temp, and reporduction

Question 2

sympathetic

Answer 2

fight or flight, part of primal brain

Question 3

peripheral autonomic go through

Answer 3

thoracolumbar outflow

Question 4

thoracolumbar outflow uses

Answer 4

energy, break glycogen into simple sugars to fight or flee

Question 5

parasympathetic

Answer 5

rest and digest

stores energy for next bear attack

Question 6

peripheral sympathetic comes from different points

Answer 6

craniosacral and s2, s3, and s4 and exit from spinal cord

Question 7

mechanoreceptors

Answer 7

stretch and pressure

carotid sinus, allows more blood flow to brain

Question 8

chemoreceptors

Answer 8

signal blood and chemical composition of blood to see if it’s maintained

Question 9

nociceptors

Answer 9

pain receptors, nerve endings that respond to extremes of input
signal too much stretch

ischemia-oxygen so low, theres a chemical imbalance

Question 10

thermoreceptors

Answer 10

hypothalamus have temp receptors and can detect if blood cells, hair, sweat are off and manage it

Question 11

afferent pathways travel through

Answer 11

cranial nerves 7, 9, and 10

Question 12

cranial nerves provide visceral receptors to

Answer 12

brain

Question 13

from rest of body, signals get in through

Answer 13

peripheral nerves and spinal nerves

Question 14

in central regulation modulatory is located in the

Answer 14

limbic lobe

Question 15

modulatory is part of the

Answer 15

efferent control system OR in the hypothalamus

Question 16

modulatory influences activity of

Answer 16

the autonomic system broadly

Question 17

control neurons–part of central regulation–reticular formation

Answer 17

long cluster of cells at core of pons and medulla

Question 18

control neurons send

Answer 18

autonomic functions to spinal cord (remote analogy)

Question 19

pre ganglionic starts

Answer 19

in spinal cord and goes out to periphery

Question 20

information from visceral receptors enters the CNS by two routes

Answer 20

into spinal cord via dorsal roots and into brainstem via crainal nerves
7–facial 9–glossopharyngeal and 10 –vagues

Question 21

7, 9, and 10 cranial nerves all transmit taste information but

Answer 21

9 and 10 transmit info from the viscera

Question 22

figure 9.5 shows divergent connectivity and inflamed appendix

Answer 22

go look at it

Question 23

appendicitis

Answer 23

messages comes from inflamed appendix, goes through dorsal horn and up to somatic sensory areas of brain
informs brain and homeostais controllers
visceral organs don’t send the imhurting message very often
referred pain
one of the divergent branches from the appendix doesn’t go to sensory system but loops back and the synapse terminates on the injured organ

Question 24

if there’s a problem with visceral organ

Answer 24

it initiates a reflex that shuts it down

visceral distress shuts down that visceral organ

Question 25

neurons travel how?

Answer 25

up and down in columns

down spinal cord from brain stem right next to gray matter

Question 26

axons of control neurons descend

Answer 26

ONLY to L2 (columns)

Question 27

pre-ganglion only descent

Answer 27

to T1-L2 only

Question 28

pre-ganglion are located in

Answer 28

lateral horn

Question 29

message goes down the

Answer 29

red column, gets synaptically transferred and out ventral root to the body

Question 30

sympathetic efferents to the limbs, face, body wall, heart and lungse synapse in

Answer 30

ganglia alongside the vertebral column called the paravertebral ganglia

Question 31

paravertebral ganglia are

Answer 31

interconnected and form sympathetic trunks

Question 32

pre ganglionic axons leave spinal cord through

Answer 32

ventral root, join spinal nerve and travel in a very short connecting branch to the paravertebral ganglis

Question 33

outlying ganglia

Answer 33

some don’t synapse in a paravertebral and some head to the visceral organ and synapse somewhere up close

Question 34

paravertebral ganglia, how do they cover the entire body if they only poke out T1-L2

Answer 34

some that poke out, turn into string of pearls and go into cervical area, some leave spinal cord and turn down in paravertebral to lumbar sacral areas. find their way to post ganglionic

Question 35

paravertebral gnalgion help them scatter …..

Answer 35

to make sure entire body gets sympathetic innervation