Chapter 9 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
autonomic is in charge of
viscera, maintain visceral homeostasis
circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretions, body temp, and reporduction
sympathetic
fight or flight, part of primal brain
peripheral autonomic go through
thoracolumbar outflow
thoracolumbar outflow uses
energy, break glycogen into simple sugars to fight or flee
parasympathetic
rest and digest
stores energy for next bear attack
peripheral sympathetic comes from different points
craniosacral and s2, s3, and s4 and exit from spinal cord
mechanoreceptors
stretch and pressure
carotid sinus, allows more blood flow to brain
chemoreceptors
signal blood and chemical composition of blood to see if it’s maintained
nociceptors
pain receptors, nerve endings that respond to extremes of input
signal too much stretch
ischemia-oxygen so low, theres a chemical imbalance
thermoreceptors
hypothalamus have temp receptors and can detect if blood cells, hair, sweat are off and manage it
afferent pathways travel through
cranial nerves 7, 9, and 10
cranial nerves provide visceral receptors to
brain
from rest of body, signals get in through
peripheral nerves and spinal nerves
in central regulation modulatory is located in the
limbic lobe
modulatory is part of the
efferent control system OR in the hypothalamus
modulatory influences activity of
the autonomic system broadly
control neurons–part of central regulation–reticular formation
long cluster of cells at core of pons and medulla
control neurons send
autonomic functions to spinal cord (remote analogy)
pre ganglionic starts
in spinal cord and goes out to periphery
information from visceral receptors enters the CNS by two routes
into spinal cord via dorsal roots and into brainstem via crainal nerves
7–facial 9–glossopharyngeal and 10 –vagues
7, 9, and 10 cranial nerves all transmit taste information but
9 and 10 transmit info from the viscera
figure 9.5 shows divergent connectivity and inflamed appendix
go look at it
appendicitis
messages comes from inflamed appendix, goes through dorsal horn and up to somatic sensory areas of brain
informs brain and homeostais controllers
visceral organs don’t send the imhurting message very often
referred pain
one of the divergent branches from the appendix doesn’t go to sensory system but loops back and the synapse terminates on the injured organ
if there’s a problem with visceral organ
it initiates a reflex that shuts it down
visceral distress shuts down that visceral organ
neurons travel how?
up and down in columns
down spinal cord from brain stem right next to gray matter
axons of control neurons descend
ONLY to L2 (columns)
pre-ganglion only descent
to T1-L2 only
pre-ganglion are located in
lateral horn
message goes down the
red column, gets synaptically transferred and out ventral root to the body
sympathetic efferents to the limbs, face, body wall, heart and lungse synapse in
ganglia alongside the vertebral column called the paravertebral ganglia
paravertebral ganglia are
interconnected and form sympathetic trunks
pre ganglionic axons leave spinal cord through
ventral root, join spinal nerve and travel in a very short connecting branch to the paravertebral ganglis
outlying ganglia
some don’t synapse in a paravertebral and some head to the visceral organ and synapse somewhere up close
paravertebral ganglia, how do they cover the entire body if they only poke out T1-L2
some that poke out, turn into string of pearls and go into cervical area, some leave spinal cord and turn down in paravertebral to lumbar sacral areas. find their way to post ganglionic
paravertebral gnalgion help them scatter …..
to make sure entire body gets sympathetic innervation
