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Neuroscience > Chapter 10 Peripheral Somatosensory System & start of 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Peripheral Somatosensory System & start of 11 Flashcards

1
Q

how do we investigate the world

A

through light and touch to move accurately and avoid injury and harm

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2
Q

how do superficial and deep sensory receptors work

A

they tell us about touch and movement. all send their axons in toward spinal cord, past spinal cord and to peripheral somatosensory cells and goes into the CNS

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3
Q

where are somatosensory cells located

A

in dorsal root ganglion, pseudounipolar

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4
Q

surface receptors pick up

A

touch, nocioception, and temperature

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5
Q

deep recptors detect

A

proprioception and nociception

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6
Q

from receptor to brain there are generally

A

three neurons with three pathways

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7
Q

first order neuron is

A

pseudounipolar

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8
Q

mechanoreceptors

A 
mechanical stimuli (ligand modality gate) can depolarize peripheral sensory axons
they are high threshold nociceptors.
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9
Q

a high threshold nocipcetor is

A

it takes a big stimulus before they send the signal

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10
Q

chemoreceptors

A

detect chemical stimuli that can harm us

high threshold

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11
Q

thermoceptors

A

same

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12
Q

tonic receptors

A

maintain signaling as long as there’s a stimulus–touching shoulder. they don’t adapt to stimulus, they stay active

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13
Q

phasic receptors

A

fast acting, respond to change (hand on shoulder and then removed

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14
Q

how are first order neurons classified

A

axon diameter

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15
Q

Scheme 1

A

Ia, Ib, II, III, IV

the firster the number or letter the bigger the diameter neuron

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16
Q

Scheme 2

A

A-beta, A-delta, and C

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17
Q

receptive fields are smallest….

A

in hands feet and around corners of mouth

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18
Q

what is a receptive field

A

area of skin that is innervated by one peripheral sensory axon and all its terminal branches

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19
Q

receptive fields are greater where

A

proximally, core, hips, and shoulder

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20
Q

where are there more sensory axons

A

distally than proximally

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21
Q

light or discriminative touch travels on

A

A-beta

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22
Q

superficial discriminative touch can detect…

A

touch, vibration, pressure, hair movement, and stretch

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23
Q

superficial are located

A

right at skin or under surface of skin. all are class A-beta (peripheral sensory axons that carry message of discriminative touch in CNS)

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24
Q

Coarse touch travels on

A

a-delta and C

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25
Q

they are axons with

A

no terminal branches but no specialized receptors

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26
Q

free nerve ending (coarse touch) can detect

A

touch, pain, and temperature

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27
Q

what is coarse touch

A

can’t describe the touch well or locate it well

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28
Q

Nociception travels on

A

A-delta and C

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29
Q

there are free nerve endings with nocipcetion where…

A

under skin that are sensitive to pain (mechanical stimulation) that carry message of pain

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30
Q

temperature…

A

same as nociception card and travel on A-delta and C

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31
Q

neurons of peripheral travel on

A

a-delta and c

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32
Q

peripheral nerves have a different distribution than dermatomal innervation

A

yeahhhh

look over slide 13

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33
Q

how do the spinal and peripheral mix at plexus

A

mix at plexus on way down from spinal to peripheral but in sensory system the plexus unmixed peripheral into spinal nerve

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34
Q

are named peripheral patterns different than dermatome patterns?

A

yes

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35
Q

what is a muscle spindle?

A

a sensory deep in muscle

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36
Q

muscle spindle tells central neurons two things

A

length of muscle (stretch or unstretched)

how fast the length is changing

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37
Q

what is the shape

A

fusiform

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38
Q

intrasfusal and extrafusal

A

inside the spindle and outside the spindle

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39
Q

slide 19 shows how the spindles are physically oriented

A

neat

40
Q

nuclear bag fibers (mechanoreceptors)

A

bulging in picture

detect the rate of change of length

41
Q

nuclear chain fibers (mechanoreceptors)

A

how long it is

42
Q

together the nuclear bag and nuclear chain tell you

A

tell brain the length of muscle and if it’s changing and how fast it’s changing

43
Q

two types of axons that take messages from the spindle

A

primary and secondary

44
Q

primary (Sensory endings)

A

AP on Ia (biggest and fastest)

Ia pick up from the bulge and skin so it says length and rate of change. messages come from middles of both bulges

45
Q

secondary (sensory) neurons

A

AP on II (thinner blue line)
send messages just from the chain and maller sensory, so just a confirmatory message of length
even at rest, they are constantly sending AP

46
Q

when it gets stretch the number of AP goes

A

up

47
Q

when it gets unstretched, number of AP goes

A

down

48
Q

Associated motor neurons

A

A-alpha, A-gmma

49
Q

A-alpha

A

contracts extrafusal muscles (outside the spindle and fibers of muscle contraction)

shortens the muscle overall

50
Q

A-gamme

A

travels from spinal cord out to the muscle spindle and make little muscle of the spindle contract

when A-gammes are active they don’t cause you to contract but they contract the spindle so it keeps the spindle sensitive to stretch throughout movement

51
Q

goldi tendon organs

A

job is to sense tension in the tendon

tension is due to active contraction

passive stretch gives brain info about stretch on a muscle tendon on a unit

52
Q

what sensory neuron do goldi tendon organs tranmist on

A

Ib

53
Q

overall golgi tendon organs do what

A

send messages of tension and stretch which influence movement

54
Q

joint receptors

A

specialized capsule receptors and those help with position and movement of joint

55
Q

specialized capsule receptors transmit on which sensory neurons

A

II

56
Q

ligament receptors transmit on which sensory neuron

A

Ib

57
Q

ligament receptors

A

ligaments all have mechanoreceptors that help with tension on the ligament suppporting a joint

58
Q

free nerve endings transmit on which sensory neurons

A

A-delta and C

59
Q

free nerve endings

A

trandsduce pain and inflammation… any damage to stimuli and any inflammation from injury

60
Q

free nerve endings send their messages where

A

into the nervous system

61
Q

large diameter axons

A

myelinated… this includes muscles, tendons, and joints

62
Q

muscles, tendons and joints transmit info on which sensory neurons

A

Ia,Ib

63
Q

medium diamter axons are

A

myelinated

64
Q

medium diamater include

A

muscle spindles and specialized cutaneous receptors

65
Q

muscle spindles and specialized cutaneous receptors transmit info on which sensory neurons

A

II (muscle spindle) and A-beta (specialized cutaneous receptors)

66
Q

small diameter axons are

A

myelinated

67
Q

an example of a small diameter axon includes a ______ and transmits info on which sensory neurons

A

free nerve endings

A-delta

68
Q

another small diameter axon is also

A

unmyelinated

69
Q

an example is and transmits info on which sensory neuron

A

free nerve endings and C

70
Q

Sensory loss with compression

A 
Conscious proprioception and light touch
Cold
Fast nociception (“sharp, stinging” pain)
Heat
Slow nociception (“dull, aching” pain)
71
Q

sensation returns how

A

reverse order

list

72
Q

When a patient reports extra signs or symptoms (tingling in an extremity)
extra almost always means irritation of the nervous system

A

reminder

73
Q

Ataxia (incoordination not due to weakness) can effect

A

Sensory
Cerebellar
Vestibular

research how. i think you know

74
Q

some messages of sensation go to

A

conscious awareness

75
Q

conscious awareness of sensation can classify

A

hurt and where you got hurt

76
Q

what does conscious mean

A

cerebral cortex

parietal lobe=somatosensation

77
Q

somatosensory signals are also located in the

A

cerebellum

78
Q

cerebellum is

A

autonomic and the signals are not conscious

79
Q

somatosensory signals can also go to

A

emotional and autonomic areas

80
Q

emotional and autonomic areas have a

A

high degree of conscious awareness but DONT go to cortex

81
Q

when hurt goes to the emotional part your heart rate

A

goes up to maintain homeostasis

82
Q

conscious relay is located in

A

cerebral cortex

83
Q

divergent pathways means

A

two routes for sensory signals

84
Q

there are many divergent pathways in the

A

brain stem and cerebellum

85
Q

divergent pathways can be

A

conscious and unconscious

86
Q

nonconscious relay is located in

A

cerebellum

87
Q

high fidelity pathway

A

high degree of body map organization

parietal lobe is high fidelity

88
Q

part of brain devoted to a part of the body is either _______

A

bigger or smaller depending on density of sensory receptors to that body part

89
Q

if the middle cerebral artery was impacted there would be more defecits to

A

the arm

90
Q

low fidelity pathways

A

low degree of body map organization

example: spino-emotional pain (divergent pathways that don’t go all the way to cerebral cortex)

91
Q

projection neurons

A

(neurons in pathways)
1st in pathway and 1st order
peripheral and pseudounipolar

92
Q

spinothalamic

A

2nd neuron and in pathway

start and end is in the name but ultimately ends in cerebral cortex

93
Q

interneurons

A

can be interspursed through any of synapses

94
Q

synapses

A

spot in any sensory pathway where signal can be turned up or down or spread out or gathered

95
Q

interneurons between the green and blue

A

interneuron inhibits pain pathway, turns down signal in pain pathway and can only be turned on at the synapse

Neuroscience (5 decks)

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