Chapter 9 Flashcards
NAD+ is
A. a type of organelle.
B. a protein.
C. present only in mitochondria.
D. a part of ATP.
E. formed in the reaction that produces ethanol.
E
Compared with fermentation, the aerobic pathways of glucose metabolism produce
A. more ATP.
B. pyruvate.
C. fewer protons for pumping in the mitochondria.
D. less CO2.
E. more oxidized coenzymes.
A
Glycolysis
A. takes place in the mitochondrion.
B. produces no ATP.
C. has no connection with the respiratory chain.
D. is the same thing as fermentation.
E. reduces two molecules of NAD+ for every glucose molecule processed.
E
Which statement about pyruvate is not true?
A. It is the end product of glycolysis.
B. It becomes reduced during fermentation.
C. It is a precursor of acetyl CoA.
D. It is a protein.
E. It contains three carbon atoms.
D
The citric acid cycle
A. has no connection with the respiratory chain.
B. is the same thing as fermentation.
C. reduces two NAD+ for every glucose processed.
D. produces no ATP.
E. takes place in the mitochondrion.
E
Which statement about oxidative phosphorylation is not true?
A. It forms ATP by the respiratory chain/ATP synthesis.
B. It is brought about by chemiosmosis.
C. It requires aerobic conditions.
D. It takes place in mitochondria.
E. Its functions can be served equally well by fermentation.
E
The respiratory chain
A. is located in the mitochondrial matrix.
B. includes only peripheral membrane proteins.
C. always produces ATP.
D. reoxidizes reduced coenzymes.
E. operates simultaneously with fermentation.
D
Oxidation and reduction
A. entail the gain or loss of proteins.
B. are defined as the loss of electrons.
C. are both endergonic reactions.
D. always occur together.
E. proceed only under aerobic conditions.
D
Fermentation
A. takes place in the mitochondrion.
B. takes place in all animal cells.
C. does not require O2.
D. requires lactic acid.
E. prevents glycolysis.
C
The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to
A. catalyze reactions in glycolysis.
B. produce CO2.
C. form ATP.
D. accept electrons from the respiratory chain.
E. react with glucose to split water.
D
When NADH donates two electron to ubiquinone during respiration, ubiquinone is
A. reduced.
B. oxidized.
C. phosphorylated.
D. aerobic.
E. hydrolyzed.
A
Many species derive their energy from fermentation. The function of fermentation is to
A. reduce NAD+
B. oxidize CO2.
C. oxidize NADH + H+, ensuring a continued supply of ATP.
D. produce acetyl CoA.
E. None of the above
C
Water is a by-product of cellular repiration. The water is produced as a result of the
A. combining of CO2 with protons.
B. conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
C. degradation of glucose to pyruvate.
D. reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain.
E. None of the above
D
Which of the following processes occurs when oxygen is unavailable?
A. Pyruvate oxidation
B. The citric acid cycle
C. Fermentation
D. An electron transport chain
E. All of the above
C
When a molecule loses hydrogen atoms (as opposed to hydrogen ions), it becomes
A. reduced.
B. oxidized.
C. redoxed.
D. hydrogenated.
E. hydrolyzed.
B
The end result of glycolysis is the
A. creation of 38 molecules of ATP.
B. reduction of 8 molecules of NAD.
C. formation of 2 molecules of pyruvate.
D. conversion of 1 molecule of glucose to lactic acid.
E. None of the above
C
Animals breathe in air containing oxygen and breathe out air with less oxygen and more carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide comes from
A. hydrocarbons and the air.
B. the citric acid cycle.
C. glycolysis.
D. waste products.
E. All of the above
B
In yeast, if the citric acid cycle is shut down because of a lack of oxygen, glycolysis will probably
A. shut down.
B. increase.
C. produce more ATP per mole of glucose.
D. produce more NADH per mole of glucose.
E. produce acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis.
B
Before starch can be used for repiratiory ATP production, it mush be hydrolyzed to
A. pyruvate.
B. fatty acids.
C. amino acids.
D. glucose.
E. oxaloacetate.
D
The proton-motive force is
A. ATP synthase.
B. the proton concentration gradient and electric charge difference.
C. a metabolic pathway.
D. a redox reaction.
E. None of the above
B
In steps 6-10 of glycolysis, the conversion of 1 mole of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to pyruvate yields 2 moles of ATP. But the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate produces a total of 4 moles of ATP. Where do the remaining 2 moles of ATP come from?
A. One mole of glucose yields 2 moles of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
B. Two moles of ATP are used during the conversion of glucose to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
C. Glycolysis produces 2 moles of NADH.
D. Fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid yields 2 moles of ATP.
E. Fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid yields 2 moles of NAD+.
A
Most ATP produced in our bodies is made
A. by glycolysis.
B. in the citric acid cycle.
C. using ATP synthase.
D. from photosynthesis.
E. by burning fat.
C
Which of the following statements regarding cellular energy-harvesting pathways is false?
A. The net amount of ATP made during cellular respiration is greater than that made during fermentation.
B. The products of glycolysis can be used in either cellular respiration or fermentation.
C. Both cellular respiration and fermentation require O2 as an electron acceptor.
D. Both cellular respiration and fermentation involve several biochemical reactions.
E. Plant-eating animals can obtain energy from the products of photosynthesis.
C
Which of the following statements regarding the oxidation–reduction reaction shown here is true?
A. Reactant A is the oxidizing agent.
B. Reactant B is oxidized.
C. Reactant B is the reducing agent.
D. Both oxidation and reduction occur together.
E. In the reverse reaction, reactant B is the oxidizing agent.
D
