Chapter 8 Flashcards
laws derived from studies of physical properties of energy and how energy interacts with matter
laws of thermodynamics
energy available for performing work
free energy
reaction in which simple molecules are linked to form more complex molecules; requires input of energy
anabolic reaction
catabolic reaction
reaction in which molecules are broken down into simpler molecules; energy is released
systems biology
study of an organism as an integrated interacting system of genes, proteins, and biochemical reactions
total energy of a system
enthalpy
noncompetitive inhibitor
molecule that inhibits enzyme activity by binding to a site on an enzyme that is not the enzyme’s active site
exergonic reaction
reaction in which energy is released; ΔG is negative
reaction in which energy is released; ΔG is negative
exergonic reaction
enthalpy
total energy of a system
chemical equilibrium
state in a reversible reaction where no net change is present in concentrations of products/reactants
bioluminescence
production of light by an organism through biochemical reactions
anabolic reaction
reaction in which simple molecules are linked to form more complex molecules; requires input of energy
competitive inhibitor
molecule that bonds to the active site of an enzyme in order to inhibit the activity of the enzyme
endergonic reaction
reaction requiring energy; ΔG is positive
substrate
molecule(s) that bind to an enzyme during reaction catalysis
laws of thermodynamics
laws derived from studies of physical properties of energy and how energy interacts with matter
allosteric regulation
binding of an activator/inhibitor to a site other than the active site to regulate the activity of a protein
induced fit
due to the binding of a substrate, a change in an enzyme’s shape resulting in exposing the active site
free energy
energy available for performing work
state in a reversible reaction where no net change is present in concentrations of products/reactants
chemical equilibrium
molecule that inhibits enzyme activity by binding to a site on an enzyme that is not the enzyme’s active site
noncompetitive inhibitor
Which of the ofllowing is an example of an exergonic reaction?
A. The beating cilia of a protozoan
B. Cellular respiration
C. Phagocytosis
D. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
E. The Na+-K+ pump
B
A reaction that has a neghative ΔG
A. necessarily proceeds more rapidly than a reaction with a less negative ΔG.
B. is spontaneous.
C. cannot be used to drive a reaction with a positive ΔG.
D. is endergonic.
E. must have a negative change in enthalpy.
B