Chapter 9

Question 0

​2.​Energy-supplying nutrients are eventually broken down to
a.
glucose and fatty acids.
b.
ketone bodies and urea.
c.
free radicals and oxygen.
d.
carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 0

D

Question 1

​1.​The fuel for all body processes that traps energy released from food is (are)
a.
electrons.
b.
acetyl coenzyme A.
c.
glucose-6-phosphate.
d.
adenosine triphosphate.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

​3.​The total amount of energy in a bowl of soup that contains 5 g of protein, 2 g of fat, and 20 g of carbohydrate is \_\_\_\_\_ kcals.
a.
27
b.
108
c.
118
d.
133

Answer 2

C

Question 3

​4.​Aerobic glycolysis occurs in the
a.
nucleus.
b.
cytoplasm.
c.
membrane.
d.
mitochondria.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

​5.​Before they enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acids are broken down to
a.
keto acids.
b.
pyruvic acid.
c.
ketone bodies.
d.
acetyl coenzyme A.

Answer 4

D

Question 5

​6.​In order to be used as an energy source, amino acids have to undergo
a.
beta-oxidation.
b.
deamination.
c.
glycogenesis.
d.
ketogenesis.

Answer 5

B

Question 6

​7.​Energy for short-term, high-intensity activities such as sprinting is obtained mostly via
a.
adrenaline release.
b.
aerobic pathways.
c.
anaerobic pathways.
d.
oxidation of fatty acids.

Answer 6

C

Question 7

​8.​If someone goes on a long hike, after 4 hours most of their energy will be obtained from
a.
glucose.
b.
glycogen.
c.
fatty acids.
d.
amino acids.

Answer 7

C

Question 8

​9.​Basal metabolic rate represents
a.
total energy expenditure.
b.
the amount of energy expended while at rest.
c.
the amount of energy expended in physical activity.
d.
the amount of energy required to support life-sustaining processes.

Answer 8

D

Question 9

​10.​Of the following, the person who would be expected to have the highest energy expenditure is a(n)
a.
active man.
b.
sedentary man.
c.
active woman.
d.
sedentary woman.

Answer 9

A

Question 10

​11.​The process by which the body uses energy to adjust to changes in environmental conditions is called
a.
homeostasis.
b.
thermoregulation.
c.
adaptive thermogenesis.
d.
the thermic effect of food.

Answer 10

C

Question 11

​12.​Stretching and exercises that increase flexibility are important for
a.
maintaining cardiovascular fitness.
b.
increasing muscular strength.
c.
moving muscles to their full extent without injury.
d.
building endurance for longer bouts of exercise.

Answer 11

C

Question 12

​13.​The amount of physical activity needed to maintain physical fitness depends on the
a.
time of day.
b.
ambient temperature.
c.
intensity of the activity.
d.
the flexibility of the individual.

Answer 12

C

Question 13

​14.​Health benefits generally associated with strength training include
a.
weight loss.
b.
increased bone density.
c.
decreased risk of cancer.
d.
improved sleep patterns.

Answer 13

B

Question 14

​15.​The factor that is most effective in increasing muscle mass is
a.
exercise.
b.
low fat intake.
c.
high protein intake.
d.
amino acid supplements.

Answer 14

A

Question 15

​16.​An athlete’s kcal intake is appropriate if he or she
a.
maintains a low percentage of body fat.
b.
consumes at least 1800 kcal per day.
c.
maintains a competitive and healthy weight.
d.
does not experience hunger between workouts.

Answer 15

C

Question 16

​17.​If an athlete weighed 150 lbs at the beginning of an athletic event and weighed 146 lbs at the end of the event because of water lost in sweat, their athletic performance towards the end of the event would be
a.
improved.
b.
unaffected.
c.
impaired.
d.
unpredictable.

Answer 16

C

Question 17

​18.​The best indicator of fluid loss during a workout is
a.
thirst.
b.
urine volume.
c.
body temperature.
d.
loss of body weight.

Answer 17

D

Question 18

​19.​Sports drinks may be preferable to water for athletes who
a.
produce large volumes of sweat.
b.
exercise for longer than 90 minutes.
c.
experience hunger during workouts.
d.
exercise daily for at least 30 minutes.

Answer 18

B

Question 19

​20.​An example of a good food for replacing glycogen stores is
a.
raw carrots.
b.
string cheese.
c.
breakfast cereal.
d.
scrambled eggs.

Answer 19

C

Question 20

​21.​Carbohydrate loading increases glycogen stores in muscles by combining
a.
moderate exercise and low fat intake.
b.
rest and increased carbohydrate intake.
c.
intense exercise and decreased carbohydrate intake.
d.
intense exercise and high intake of complex carbohydrates.

Answer 20

B

Question 21

​22.​The person who is mostly likely to need to be concerned about the adequacy of their protein intake is a
a.
male bodybuilder.
b.
woman who walks 30 minutes per day.
c.
man who plays basketball twice a week.
d.
female vegetarian runner with a low kcal intake.

Answer 21

D

Question 22

​23.​When an athlete eats more protein or amino acids than he or she needs, the extra amino acids are
a.
stored in the amino acid pool.
b.
used to increase muscle mass.
c.
converted to storage protein by the liver.
d.
deaminated and used as an energy source.

Answer 22

D

Question 23

​24.​Athletes who exercise regularly are able to exercise for longer, partly because their body uses more energy from
a.
fat.
b.
protein.
c.
amino acids.
d.
carbohydrates.

Answer 23

A

Question 24

​25.​An example of an athlete who is most likely to benefit from a multivitamin/mineral supplement that provides 100% of the DRI is a
a.
gymnast.
b.
swimmer.
c.
bodybuilder.
d.
football player.

Answer 24

A

Question 25

​26.​An ergogenic aid that may have proven beneficial effects is
a.
ginseng.
b.
creatine.
c.
arginine.
d.
carnitine.

Answer 25

B

Question 26

​27.​An example of a beverage that may have an ergogenic effect is
a.
milk.
b.
beer.
c.
coffee.
d.
ginseng tea.

Answer 26

C

Question 27

​28.​Competitive athletes are vulnerable to marketing claims about supplements and ergogenic aids because
a.
supplements are often cheaper than a balanced diet.
b.
a slight increase in performance can allow them to win.
c.
very little is known about appropriate foods for athletes.
d.
supplements are more readily available than healthful foods.

Answer 27

B

Question 28

​29.​During exercise, the digestive process
a.
speeds up.
b.
slows down.
c.
stops completely.
d.
favors breakdown of fat over carbohydrates.

Answer 28

B

Question 29

​30.​The process by which one person learns a healthful lifestyle behavior by following the example of another person is known as
a.
chaining.
b.
modeling.
c.
projecting.
d.
replicating.

Answer 29

B