Chapter 9 Flashcards
- A model is a representation of reality
Answer: True Page: 316 LOD: Easy
- Logical models show what a system is or does. They are implementation independent.
Answer: True Page: 316 LOD: Easy
- Logical models show how a system is implemented.
Answer: False Page: 316 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Logical models are implementation independent.
- Process modeling is a technique for organizing and documenting the structure and flow of data through a system’s processes and /or the logic, policies and procedures to be implemented by a system’s processes.
Answer: True Page: 317 LOD: Easy
- A data flow diagram (DFD) is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
Answer: True Page: 217 LOD: Easy
- An entity relationship diagram (ERD) is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
Answer: False Page: 317 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A data flow diagram (DFD) is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system. The DFD is a representation of the process model. An entity relationship diagram (ERD) is a representation of the data model.
- A data flow diagram is a process model.
Answer: True Page: 317 LOD: Easy
- Another name for the data flow diagram is an entity relationship diagram.
Answer: False Page: 317 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Another name for the data flow diagram is process model.
- In a data flow diagram, rounded rectangles are used to represent processes.
Answer: True Page: 321 LOD: Easy
- In a data flow diagram, squares are used to represent external agents - the boundary of the system.
Answer: True Page: 319 LOD: Easy
- In a data flow diagram, rounded rectangles are used to represent external agents - the boundary of the system.
Answer: False Page: 319 LOD: Medium
Rationale: In DFDs, rounded rectangles are processes and squares are external agents.
- Data describe work to be performed on, or in response to, incoming process flows or conditions.
Answer: False Page: 322 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A process is work performed on, or in response to, incoming data flows or conditions.
- In data flow diagrams, open-ended boxes represent data stores.
Answer: True Page: 320 LOD: Easy
- In data flow diagrams, open-ended boxes represent external agents.
Answer: False Page: 320 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Open-ended boxes are used for data stores and squares are used for external agents.
- In data flow diagrams, arrows represent data flows.
Answer: True Page: 325 LOD: Easy
- A system is a process.
Answer: True Page: 321 LOD: Easy
- If data modeling is done before process modeling, the agents on the DFD can be pulled from the entity relationship diagram.
Answer: False Page: 320 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Data stores can be pulled from the entities on the entity relationship diagram.
- The use of logical models reduces the risk of missing business requirements.
Answer: True Page: 316 LOD: Medium
- Data Flow Diagrams are a kind of flowchart.
Answer: False Page: 317 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Flowcharts show the sequence of processes in an algorithm, while DFDs show the flow of data through the system.
- During decomposition, each level of abstraction reveals more or less detail as desired, about the overall system or a subset of that system
Answer: True Page: 322 LOD: Easy
- In systems analysis, decomposition allows you to partition a system into logical subsystems of processes for improved communication, analysis and design.
Answer: True Page: 322 LOD: Easy
- A decomposition diagram is also called a hierarchy chart.
Answer: True Page: 323 LOD: Easy
- A data flow diagram shows the top down functional decomposition and structure of a system.
Answer: False Page: 323 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A decomposition diagram shows the top down functional decomposition and structure of a system.
- A decomposition diagram is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
Answer: False Page: 317, 323 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A data flow diagram is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system. A decomposition diagram shows the top down functional decomposition and structure of a system.
- A hierarchy chart is another name for a decomposition diagram.
Answer: True Page: 323 LOD: Easy
- A decomposition diagram is essentially a planning tool for more detailed process models, namely, data flow diagrams.
Answer: True Page: 323-324 LOD: Easy
- Logical processes are work or actions that must be performed no matter how you implement the systems.
Answer: True Page: 324 LOD: Easy
- Physical processes are work or actions that must be performed no matter how you implement the systems.
Answer: False Page: 324 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Logical processes are work or actions that must be performed no matter how you implement the systems.
- Each logical process must be implemented in software.
Answer: False Page: 324 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Each logical process is (or will be) implemented as one or more physical processes that may include work performed by people; work performed by robots or machines; or work performed by computer software.
- A function is a set of related and ongoing activities of the business.
Answer: True Page: 324 LOD: Easy
- An event is a logical unit of work that must be completed as a whole.
Answer: True Page: 324 LOD: Easy
- An event is a logical unit of work that can be completed in parts over time.
Answer: False Page: 324 LOD: Easy
Rationale: An event is a logical unit of work that must be completed as a whole.
- An event is triggered by a discrete input and is completed when the process has responded with the appropriate outputs.
Answer: True Page: 324 LOD: Easy
- A conditional structure specifies that a set of steps should be repeated based on some stated condition.
Answer: False Page: 355 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A conditional structure specifies that a process must perform different steps under well-specified conditions. A repetition or iteration structure specifies that a set of steps should be repeated based on some stated condition.
- A conditional structure specifies that a process must perform different steps under well-specified conditions.
Answer: True Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- A function is a set of related and ongoing activities of the business.
Answer: True Page: 324 LOD: Easy
- A restriction of Structured English is that only strong, imperative verbs may be used.
Answer: True Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- A restriction of Structured English is that formulas should be stated clearly using appropriate mathematical notations.
Answer: True Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- Undefined adjectives and adverbs are not permitted in Structured English unless they have been clearly defined in the project dictionary.
Answer: True Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- Blocking and indentation should be used in Structured English to set off the beginning and ending of constructs to enhance readability.
Answer: True Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- Spacing, blocking and indentation are not important in Structured English since it is not a formal programming language.
Answer: False Page: 355 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Blocking and indentation should be used in Structured English to set off the beginning and ending of constructs to enhance readability.
- In Structured English, when in doubt, user readability should take priority over programmer preferences.
Answer: True Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- Structured English should be precise enough to clearly specify the required business procedure to a programmer or user. But it should not be so inflexible that you spend hours arguing over syntax.
Answer: True Page: 357 LOD: Easy
- Structured English is very precise and requires a strict adherence to syntax rules so that it can be translated for specifications to programming code directly.
Answer: False Page: 357 LOD: Hard
Rationale: Structured English should be precise enough to clearly specify the required business procedure to a programmer or user. But it should not be so inflexible that you spend hours arguing over syntax.
- Simple condition steps can be translated into programming language as a For loop.
Answer: False Page: 356 LOD: HardRationale: Simple condition steps can be translated into programming language as an If test.
- A decision table is a tabular form of presentation that specifies a set of conditions and their corresponding actions.
Answer: True Page: 357 LOD: Easy
- A decision table is expressed in Structured English to facilitate the presentation of policies and processes using a single technique.
Answer: False Page: 357 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A decision table is a tabular form of presentation that specifies a set of conditions and their corresponding actions.
- Decision tables are useful for specifying complex policies and decision-making rules.
Answer: True Page: 357 LOD: Easy
- The three components of a decision table are: condition stubs, action stubs and rules.
Answer: True Page: 357-358 LOD: Easy
- The three components of a decision table are: entities, relationships and attributes.
Answer: False Page: 357-358 LOD: Medium
Rationale: The three components of a decision table are: condition stubs, action stubs and rules.
- A data flow represents an input of data to a process or the output of data from a process.
Answer: True Page: 325 LOD: Easy
- Composite data flows are used to combine similar data flows on high-level data flow diagrams to make those diagrams easier to read.
Answer: True Page: 326 LOD: Easy
- A composite data flow is a data flow that consists of other data flows.
Answer: True Page: 326 LOD: Easy
- The packet concept is critical to the creation of data flow diagrams. Data that should travel together should be shown as a single data flow, no matter how many physical documents or attributes are included in the data flow.
Answer: True Page: 325-326 LOD: Easy
- A control flow represents a condition or non-data event that triggers a process.
Answer: True Page: 327 LOD: Easy
- A control flow is a special data flow that has both inputs and outputs.
Answer: False Page: 327 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A control flow represents a condition or non-data event that triggers a process.
- Data conservation requires that a data flow contain only the data that is truly needed by the receiving process.
Answer: True Page: 329 LOD: Easy
- Data conservation requires that a data flow contain the entire data entity with all its attributes that is requested by a process.
Answer: False Page: 329 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Data conservation requires that a data flow contain only the data that is truly needed by the receiving process.
- By ensuring that processes receive the entire entity and its attributes, we plan for future processing requirements to improve the implementation and maintenance of processes.
Answer: False Page: 329 LOD: Hard
Rationale: By ensuring that processes receive only as much data as they really need, we simplify the interface between those processes.
- A data attribute is the smallest piece of data that has meaning to the end users and the business.
Answer: True Page: 330 LOD: Easy
- The concept of a data attribute is different when drawing data models versus process models.
Answer: False Page: 330 LOD: Medium
Rationale: The definition of data attribute is the smallest piece of data that has meaning to the end users and the business. This same definition applies to both data and process models.
- The domain of an attribute defines what class of data can be stored in that attribute.
Answer: False Page: 333 LOD: Medium Rationale: The data type for an attribute defines what class of data that can be stored in an attribute, whereas the domain of an attribute defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on.
- The domain of an attribute defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on.
Answer: True Page: 333 LOD: Easy
- Data flows can be described in terms of the following types of data structures: a sequence or group of data attributes that occur one after another; the selection of one or more attributes from a set of attributes; and, the repetition of one or more attributes.
Answer: True Page: 330 LOD: Medium
- A data flow can connect an agent to a data store.
Answer: False Page: 330 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Data flows should always begin or end at a process.
- A data flow can connect pass data directly from one data store to another data store.
Answer: False Page: 330 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Data flows should always begin or end at a process.
- A diverging data flow is one that splits into multiple data flows.
Answer: True Page: 333 LOD: Easy
- A converging data flow is one that merges multiple data flows into a single data flow.
Answer: True Page: 333 LOD: Easy
- A diverging data flow is one that merges multiple data flows into a single data flow.
Answer: False Page: 333 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A diverging data flow is one that splits into multiple data flows. A converging data flow is one that merges multiple data flows into a single data flow.
- A synonym for external agent is external entity.
Answer: True Page: 319 LOD: Easy
- A synonym for external entity is data entity.
Answer: False Page: 319 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A synonym for external entity is external agent. It should not be confused with data entity as defined in chapter 7.
- A data store is an inventory of data. Synonyms include file and database.
Answer: True Page: 320 LOD: Easy
- Data flows are data in motion; data stores are data at rest.
Answer: True Page: 320, 325 LOD: Easy
- Data stores are data in motion, and data flows are data at rest.
Answer: False Page: 320, 325 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Data flows are data in motion, and data stores are data at rest.
- An enterprise process model typically identifies business areas and functions in detail. Events and detailed processes are made explicit.
Answer: False Page: 334 LOD: Easy
Rationale: An enterprise process model typically identifies only business areas and functions. Events and detailed processes are rarely examined.
- Event partitioning factors a system into subsystems based on business events and responses to those events.
Answer: True Page: 335 LOD: Easy
- Event partitioning factors a system into different databases based on how information is used and where it is stored.
Answer: False Page: 335 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Event partitioning factors a system into subsystems based on business events and responses to those events.
- A functional decomposition diagram is drawn to partition the system into logical subsystems and/or functions.
Answer: True Page: 335 LOD: Easy
- An event response or use case list is compiled to identify and confirm the business events to which the system must provide a response.
Answer: True Page: 335 LOD: Easy
- An event response list is compiled to partition the system into logical subsystems and/or functions.
Answer: False Page: 335 LOD: Medium
Rationale: An event response list is compiled to identify and confirm business events to which the system must provide a response. A functional decomposition diagram is drawn to partition the system into logical subsystems and/or functions.
- After an event handler is added to the decomposition diagram for each event, the decomposition diagram can now serve as the outline for the system.
Answer: True Page: 335 LOD: Easy
- After an event handler is added to the decomposition diagram for each event, you now have the event response diagram that is used as the outline for the system.
Answer: False Page: 335 LOD: Medium
Rationale: The decomposition diagram is used as the outline for the system.
- The context diagram is constructed for event processes that require additional processing details. These data flow diagrams include all the elementary processes, data stores and data flows for single events.
Answer: False Page: 335 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Primitive diagrams are constructed for those event processes that require additional processing details. These data flow diagrams include all the elementary processes, data stores and data flows for single events.
- A context data flow diagram defines the scope and boundary for the system and project.
Answer: True Page: 335 LOD: Easy
- External events are so named because they are initiated by external agents.
Answer: True Page: 341 LOD: Easy
- State events trigger processes based on a system’s change based on time.
Answer: False Page: 341 LOD: Medium
Rationale: State events trigger processes based on a system’s change from one state or condition to another. Temporal events are triggered on the basis of time.
- Use case analysis is the process of identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system responds to them.
Answer: True Page: 342 LOD: Easy
- Use case analysis is rooted in object-oriented analysis.
Answer: True Page: 342 LOD: Easy
- Use case analysis is the process of identifying the actors who interact and use a system independent of how they are using the system.
Answer: False Page: 342 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Use case analysis is the process of identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system responds to them.
- An event diagram is a composite diagram that combines multiple events into a single processing unit.
Answer: False Page: 345 LOD: Medium
Rationale: An event diagram is a contact diagram for a single event. It shows the inputs, outputs and data store interactions for the event.
- For each use case we need to list: 1) the actor initiating the event; (2) the event; (3) the input or trigger for the event; (4) all outputs and responses.
Answer: True Page: 342 LOD: Easy
- Balancing is the synchronizing of data flow diagrams at different levels of detail to preserve consistency and completeness of the models.
Answer: True Page: 348 LOD: Easy
- Balancing is a quality assurance technique used on data flow diagrams.
Answer: True Page: 348 LOD: Easy
- Data and process models represent the same views of different systems.
Answer: False Page: 359 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Data and process models represent different views of the same system.
- A process-to-location matrix is a table in which the rows indicate processes (event or elementary processes); the columns indicate locations; and the cells (the intersections of rows and columns) document which processes must be performed at which locations.
Answer: True Page: 360 LOD: Easy
- A process-to-location-CRUD matrix is a table that indicates which processes create, read, update or delete data information at the various locations and data stores.
Answer: False Page: 360 LOD: Medium
Rationale: A process-to-location matrix is a table in which the rows indicate processes (event or elementary processes); the columns indicate locations; and the cells (the intersections of rows and columns) document which processes must be performed at which locations.
- Process models illustrate the essential work to be performed by the system as a whole.
Answer: True Page: 360 LOD: Easy
160. A language and syntax, based on the relative strengths of structured programming and natural English used to specify the underlying logic of a process is known as: A) pseudo code B) Structured English C) flow charts D) decision tables E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 353 LOD: Medium
- Structured English includes which of the following as a construct:
A) a sequence of simple declarative sentences
B) use of action verbs in the declarative sentences to indicate the appropriate action for the sentence
C) a conditional or decision structure
D) a repetitive or iteration structure
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 355 LOD: Easy
- Which of the following is a restriction of Structured English?
A) only strong, imperative verbs may be used
B) only names that have been defined in the project dictionary may be used
C) formulas must be stated clearly using appropriate mathematical notations
D) blocking and indentation must be used for readability
E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 355 LOD: Medium
- Which of the following is not a restriction of Structured English?
A) only passive verbs may be used
B) only names that have been defined in the project dictionary may be used
C) formulas must be clearly stated using appropriate mathematical notations
D) blocking and indentations must be used for readability
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 355 LOD: MediumRationale: only strong, imperative verbs may be used
- A(n) ______________________ is a representation of reality.
Answer: model Page: 316 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ models show what a system is or does, not how it does it. They are implementation independent.
Answer: Logical Page: 316 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ models show not only what a system is or does, but also how the system is technically implemented. They are implementation dependent because they reflect technology choices and limitations of those technology choices.
Answer: Physical Page: 316 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ is a technique for organizing and documenting the structure and flow of data through a system’s processes and /or the logic, policies and procedures to be implemented by a system’s processes.
Answer: Process modeling Page: 317 LOD: Hard
- A(n) ______________________ is a tool that depicts the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by that system.
Answer: data flow diagram (DFD) Page: 317 LOD: Hard
- Another name for the data flow diagram is ______________________ model.
Answer: process Page: 317 LOD: Medium
- In a data flow diagram, rounded rectangles are used to represent _____________________.
Answer: processes Page: 321 LOD: Medium
- In a data flow diagram, squares are used to represent _____________________..
Answer: external agents Page: 319 LOD: Medium
- In data flow diagrams, open-ended boxes represent _____________________.
Answer: data stores Page: 320 LOD: Medium
- In data flow diagrams, arrows represent _________________________ .
Answer: data flows Page: 325 LOD: Medium
- A ______________________ is when the inputs are insufficient to produce the output.
Answer: gray hole Page: 325 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ is the act of breaking a system into component subsystems, processes and subprocesses.
Answer: Decomposition Page: 322 LOD: Medium
- During decomposition, each level of ______________________ reveals more or less detail as desired, about the overall system or a subset of that system.
Answer: abstraction Page: 322 LOD: Hard
- In systems analysis, ______________________ allows you to partition a system into logical subsystems of processes for improved communication, analysis and design.
Answer: decomposition Page: 322 LOD: Hard
- A ______________________ diagram shows the top down functional decomposition and structure of a system.
Answer: decomposition Page: 322 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ is another name for a decomposition diagram.
Answer: hierarchy chart Page: 322-323 LOD: Medium
- Each ___________________ process is (or will be) implemented as one or more _________________ processes that may include work performed by people, work performed by robots or machines, or work performed by computer software.
Answer: logical, physical Page: 322 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ is a logical unit of work that must be completed as a whole
Answer: event Page: 324 LOD: Medium
- An event is triggered by a discrete ______________________ and is completed when the process has responded with the appropriate ______________________.
Answer: input, outputs Page: 324 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ processes are discrete, detailed activities or tasks required to complete the response to an event.
Answer: Elementary or Primitive Page: 325 LOD: Hard
- Another name for an elementary process is a ______________________ process.
Answer: primitive Page: 325 LOD: Medium
- Elementary processes are the _________________ level of detail when depicted in a process model.
Answer: lowest Page: 325 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ___________________ is a process that has inputs but no outputs.
Answer: black hole Page: 325 LOD: Medium
- A data flow is data in ____________________________.
Answer: motion Page: 325 LOD: Hard
- Structured English is built using the following three fundamental constructs that have governed structured programming:
(1) ______________________
(2) ______________________ and
(3) ______________________.
Answer: a sequence of simple declarative sentences; a conditional or decision structure; an iteration or repetition structure. Page: 355 LOD: Hard
- A(n) ______________________ structure specifies that a set of steps should be repeated based on some stated condition.
Answer: iteration or repetition Page: 355 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ structure specifies that a process must perform different steps under well-specified conditions.
Answer: conditional or decision Page: 355 LOD: Hard
- ______________________ sentences use strong actions verbs such as Get, Find, Record, Create, Read, Update, Delete, Calculate, Write, Sort, Merge or anything else recognizable or understandable to end users.
Answer: Sequence Page: 355 LOD: Hard
- A restriction of Structured English is that only ________________________ verbs may be used.
Answer: strong, imperative Page: 355 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ should be used in Structured English to set off the beginning and ending of constructs to enhance readability.
Answer: Blocking and indentation Page: 355 LOD: Hard
- A(n) ______________________ is a set of rules that governs some process in the business.
Answer: policy Page: 357 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ is a tabular form of presentation that specifies a set of conditions and their corresponding actions.
Answer: decision table Page: 357 LOD: Hard
- A(n) ______________________ data flow is a data flow that consists of other data flows. They are used to combine similar data flows on high-level data flow diagrams to make those diagrams easier to read.
Answer: composite Page: 326 LOD: Hard
- The ______________________ concept is critical to the creation of data flow diagrams. Data that should travel together should be shown as a single data flow, no matter how many physical documents or attributes are included in the data flow.
Answer: packet Page: 325-326 LOD: Hard
- A(n) ______________________ flow represents a condition or non-data event that triggers a process.
Answer: control Page: 327 LOD: Hard
- Data ___________________ requires that a data flow contain only the data that is truly needed by the receiving process.
Answer: conservation Page: 329 LOD: Hard
- By ensuring that processes receive only as much data as they really need, we simplify the ______________________ between those processes.
Answer: interface Page: 329 LOD: Hard
- Data ______________________ are specific arrangements of data attributes that define the organization of a single instance of a data flow.
Answer: structures Page: 330 LOD: Medium
- The ___________________ for an attribute defines what class of data can be stored in that attribute.
Answer: data type Page: 333 LOD: Medium
- The ______________________ of an attribute defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on.
Answer: domain Page: 333 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ____________________ is an inventory of data. Synonyms include file and database.
Answer: data store Page: 320 LOD: Medium
- Data ____________ are data in motion; data ____________ are data at rest.
Answer: flows, stores Page: 320,325 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ process model typically identifies only business areas and functions. Events and detailed processes are rarely examined.
Answer: enterprise Page: 334 LOD: Hard
- ______________________ events trigger processes on the basis of time.
Answer: Temporal Page: 341 LOD: Easy
- A(n) ______________________ is constructed to establish initial project scope.
Answer: system context diagram Page: 339 LOD: Medium
- Data conservation is sometimes called _____________________ the process.
Answer: starving Page: 329 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ is compiled to identify and confirm the business events to which the system must provide a response.
Answer: event response or use case list Page: 42 LOD: Hard
- ______________________ diagrams are constructed for those event processes that require additional processing details. These data flow diagrams include all the elementary processes, data stores and data flows for single events.
Answer: Primitive or Elementary Page: 349 LOD: Hard
- ______________________ events trigger processes based on a system’s change from one state or condition to another.
Answer: State Page: 341 LOD: Medium
- ______________________ is the process of identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system responds to them.
Answer: Use case analysis Page: 342 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ is a context diagram for a single event. It shows the inputs, outputs and data store interactions for that event.
Answer: event diagram Page: 345 LOD: Medium
- For each use case we need to list:
(1) _____________________________
(2) _____________________________
(3) _____________________________ and
(4) _____________________________.
Answer: 1) the actor initiating the event; (2) the event; (3) the input or trigger for the event; (4) all outputs and responses. Page: 342 LOD: Hard
- ______________________ is the synchronizing of data flow diagrams at different levels of detail to preserve consistency and completeness of the models.
Answer: Balancing Page: 348 LOD: Hard
- Balancing is a quality assurance technique used on ______________________ diagrams.
Answer: data flow Page: 348 LOD: Medium
- A(n) ______________________ is a table in which the rows indicate processes (event or elementary processes); the columns indicate locations; and the cells (the intersections of rows and columns) document which processes must be performed at which locations.
Answer: process-to-location matrix Page: 360 LOD: Hard
