Chapter 5 Flashcards
Systems Analysis
- __________________________ and ____________________________ are examples of traditional approaches to systems analysis.
Answer: Structured analysis and information engineering Page: 162-163
- The processes of an object are called _____________.
Answer: methods Page: 163 LOD: Hard
- _______________________ is a model-driven technique that integrates data and process concerns.
Answer: Objected oriented analysis (OOA) Page: 163 LOD: Hard
- _______________________ approaches emphasize the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system.
Answer: Accelerated analysis Page: 163 LOD: Hard
- _______________________ is used to identify the user’s business requirements by having them react to a quick and dirty implementation of those requirements.
Answer: Discovery prototyping Page: 164 LOD: Hard
- _______________________ technology reads the program code for an existing database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model.
Answer: Reverse engineering Page: 165 LOD: Medium
- _______________________ is a classical set of techniques used to collect information about system problems, opportunities, solution requirements and priorities.
Answer: Fact finding Page: 165 LOD: Hard
- _______________________ is the application of systems analysis methods to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization, independent of information technology.
Answer: Business process redesign Page: 166 LOD: Medium
- The _______________________ looks at the question “Is this project worth looking at?”
Answer: scope definition phase Page: 167 LOD: Medium
- The context for the scope definition phase is primarily concerned with the _______________________ perspectives.
Answer: system owners’ Page: 167 LOD: Medium
- A _______________________ defines the project scope, plan, methodology, and standards for a project. It is the first major milestone.
Answer: project charter Page: 174 LOD: Medium
- All systems documentation is kept in a _______________________ .
Answer: repository Page: 160 LOD: Medium
- _______________________ is a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose.
Answer: Systems analysis Page: 160 LOD: Medium
- Systems analysis is a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose.
Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy
- Systems design is a complementary problem solving technique to systems analysis that reassembles a system’s component pieces into a (hopefully improved) complete system.
Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy
- Information systems analysis is defined as those development phases in a project that primarily focus on the business problem, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem.
Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy
- Model driven analysis emphasizes the development of application prototypes to quickly implement a new system without the need for requirements analysis.
Answer: False Page: 161 LOD: Easy Rationale: Model driven analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately the system model becomes the blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system.
- Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs) can only be used to depict proposed new processes in a system, along with their inputs, outputs and files.
Answer: True Page: 162 LOD: Medium
- CASE tools offer the advantage of consistency and completeness analysis as well as rule-based error checking.
Answer: True Page: 162 LOD: Easy
- Structured analysis is a traditional approach to system analysis and design.
Answer: True Page: 162 LOD: Easy
- Information engineering (IE) is a data-driven, process-centered, but model-sensitive technique to plan, analyze and design information systems.
Answer: False Page: 163 LOD: Medium Rationale: Information engineering (IE) is a model driven and data-centered but process sensitive technique to plan, analyze, and design information systems.
- Objected oriented analysis (OOA) is model-driven technique that integrates Data and Process concerns into constructs called Objects. OOA models are pictures that illustrate the system’s objects from various perspectives such as structure and behavior.
Answer: True Page: 163 LOD: Easy
- The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used in information engineering.
Answer: False Page: 163 LOD: Medium Rationale: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is used with the object-oriented approach.
- Accelerated analysis approaches emphasize the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system.
Answer: True Page: 163-164 LOD: Easy
- Many analysts use parts of structured analysis and information engineering in a complementary way to model an information system.
Answer: True Page: 163 LOD: Medium
- Rapid architecture analysis attempts to derive system models from existing systems or discovery prototypes.
Answer: True Page: 165 LOD: Easy
- Reverse engineering technology reads the program code for an existing database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model.
Answer: True Page: 165 LOD: Easy
- Requirements discovery is the process of identifying system problems and solution requirements from the user community.
Answer: True Page: 165 LOD: Easy
- Analytical discovery includes those techniques to be used by a systems analyst to identify or extract system problems and solution requirements from the user community.
Answer: False Page: 165 LOD: Medium Rationale: Requirements discovery includes those techniques to be used by a systems analyst to identify or extract system problems and solution requirements from the user community.
- Examples of fact-finding techniques include: sampling of existing documentation; research of relevant literature; observation of the current system; questionnaires and surveys of the management and user community; and interviews of appropriate managers, users, and technical staff.
Answer: True Page: 165-166 LOD: Easy
- Joint requirements planning (JRP) techniques use facilitated workshops to bring together all the system owners, system users, systems analysts and some systems designers and builders to jointly perform systems analysis.
Answer: True Page: 166 LOD: Easy
- Joint application development (JAD) is considered a part of Joint Requirements Planning (JRP), which is a more comprehensive application of the techniques to the entire system development process.
Answer: False Page: 166 LOD: Medium Rationale: Joint requirements planning (JRP) is considered a part of joint application development (JAD), which is a more comprehensive application of the techniques to the entire system development process.
- BPR is often triggered by total quality management and continuous process improvement.
Answer: True Page: 166 LOD: Easy
- Business process redesign is often applied within the context of information systems development when the projects include a study of existing business processes to identify problems, bureaucracy and inefficiencies that need to be addressed in requirements for new and improved information systems.
Answer: True Page: 166 LOD: Easy
- The purpose of a context diagram is to analyze how the system interacts with the world around it.
Answer: True Page: 178 LOD: Easy
- The scope definition phase is the first phase of the classic systems development process. It is also known as initial study phase, survey phase, or planning phase.
Answer: True Page: 167 LOD: Easy
- The scope definition phase looks at the question “Is this project worth looking at?”
Answer: True Page: 167 LOD: Easy
- The scope definition phase looks at the economic and operational feasibility of the project under consideration.
Answer: False Page: 167 LOD: Easy Rationale: The scope definition phase looks at the question “Is this project worth looking at?”
- The final deliverable for the scope definition phases is the project charter..
Answer: True Page: 167 LOD: Easy
- A problem statements matrix lists each problem, opportunity, or directive related to the project.
Answer: True Page: 170-172 LOD: Easy
- The scope definition phase typically includes the following tasks: (1) identify baseline problems and opportunities; (2) negotiate baseline scope; (3) assess baseline worthiness; (4) develop baseline schedule & budget; (5) communicate the project plan.
Answer: True Page: 169 LOD: Medium
- The first FAST phase is the problem analysis phase.
Answer: False Page: 167 LOD: Hard Rationale: The first phase is the scope definition phase.
- The PIECES framework can be used to categorize problems, opportunities, directives, and constraints.
Answer: True Page: 172 LOD: Easy
- During the scope definition phase, each problem, opportunity and directive is assessed with respect to urgency, visibility, tangible benefits and priority.
Answer: True Page: 170-172 LOD: Easy
- An objective is a measure of success. It is something that you expect to achieve, if given sufficient resources.
Answer: True Page: 182 LOD: Easy
- An objective is something that will limit your flexibility in defining a solution to your constraints. Essentially, objectives cannot be changed.
Answer: False Page: 182 LOD: Medium Rationale: An objective is a measure of success. It is something that you expect to achieve, if given sufficient resources. A constraint is something that will limit your flexibility in defining a solution to your objectives. Essentially constraints cannot be changed.
- Objectives fall into four categories: schedule, cost, technology and policy.
Answer: False Page: 183 LOD: Medium
Rationale: Constraints fall into four categories: schedule; cost; technology; and policy.
- The final deliverable for the problem analysis phase is the completion of an updated project plan, including problem analyses, any system models, the system improvement objectives, and any other documentation that was produced during this phase.
Answer: True Page: 183 LOD: Easy
- One of three possible decisions are made at the end of the problem analysis phase: (1) authorize the project to continue to the next phase (requirements analysis); (2) adjust the scope, cost and/or schedule for the project, and then continue with the next phase (requirements analysis); OR (3) cancel the project due to either the lack of resources or the realization that the problems and opportunities are not simply as important as anticipated.
Answer: True Page: 184 LOD: Easy
- The requirements analysis phase comes after the problem analysis phase and defines the business requirements for a new system.
Answer: True Page: 185 LOD: Easy
- The requirements analysis phase comes directly after the scope definition phase and is used to specify the model for the existing system, as well as the business requirements for the new system.
Answer: False Page: 185 LOD: Medium Rationale: The requirements analysis phase comes after the problem analysis phase and defines the business requirements for a new system.
- The requirements analysis phase answers the question, “What do the users need and want from a new system?”
Answer: True Page: 185 LOD: Easy
- The requirements analysis phase answers the question, “Is this system worth looking at?”
Answer: False Page: 185 LOD: Medium Rationale: The requirements analysis phase answers the question, “What do the users need and want from a new system?”
- The final deliverable and milestone of the requirements analysis phase is the production of a business requirements statement that will fulfill the system improvement objectives identified in the prior phase.
Answer: True Page: 185 LOD: Easy
- The requirements phase typically includes a task to update or refine the project plan.
Answer: True Page: 187 LOD: Easy
- Security is an example of a functional requirement.
Answer: False Page: 185 LOD: Medium Rationale: Security is an example of a nonfunctional requirement.
- The deliverables of the requirements analysis phase are the draft functional and non-functional requirements.
Answer: True Page: 187 LOD: Easy
- Use cases evolved out of object-oriented analysis but have become common in many other methodologies.
Answer: True Page: 188 LOD: Medium
- Requirements are often documented with use cases.
Answer: True Page: 188 LOD: Medium
- All desirable requirements should be included in version 1.0.
Answer: False Page: 188 LOD: Medium Rationale: All mandatory requirements should be included in version 1.0
- Requirements analysis never really ends.
Answer: True Page: 189 LOD: Medium
- Prototyping is an alternative to system modeling.
Answer: True Page: 192 LOD: Easy
- Test cases (or acceptance tests) used to test the completed system should be planned during the logical design phase.
Answer: True Page: 192 LOD: Medium
- The logical design phase further documents business requirements.
Answer: True Page: 189 LOD: Medium
- Timeboxing divides the total project into subsets that can each be delivered within a one-week time frame.
Answer: False Page: 188 LOD: Medium Rationale: Timeboxing often uses a time frame of six to nine months.
- A desirable requirement is one that is not essential to the first version of the system, but may still be essential to the vision of some future version.
Answer: True Page: 188 LOD: Easy
- A mandatory requirement is one that is essential for the system, but not necessarily for the first version of the system.
Answer: False Page: 188 LOD: Easy Rationale: A mandatory requirement is one that must be fulfilled by the minimal system. The system is useless without it. A desirable requirement is one that is not essential to the first version of the system, but may still be essential to the vision of some future version.
- Agile methods often require more modeling than other methods.
Answer: False Page: 191 LOD: Easy Rationale: Agile methods usually require “just enough” documentation.
- The decision analysis phase identifies candidate solutions, analyzes those candidate solutions, and recommends a target system that will be designed, constructed, and implemented.
Answer: True Page: 192 LOD: Easy
- The requirements analysis phase identifies candidate solutions, analyzes those candidate solutions, and recommends a target system that will be designed, constructed, and implemented.
Answer: False Page: 192 LOD: Easy Rationale: The decision analysis phase identifies candidate solutions, analyzes those candidate solutions, and recommends a target system that will be designed, constructed, and implemented.
- The final deliverable and milestone for the decision analysis phase is to produce a system proposal that will fulfill the business requirements identified in the previous phases.
Answer: True Page: 194 LOD: Easy
- The decision analysis phase typically included the following tasks: (1) identify candidate solutions; (2) analyze candidate solutions; (3) compare candidate solutions; (4) update the project plan; and (5) recommend a solution.
Answer: True Page: 194 LOD: Easy
- The feasibility analysis should be stopped as soon as the analyst identifies an ideal solution. This will save valuable time that can be put to better use during the implementation phase.
Answer: False Page: 195 LOD: Medium Rationale: The feasibility analysis should be performed on each individual candidate solution without regard to the feasibility of the other candidates. This approach discourages the analyst and users from making a premature decision about which candidate is the best.
- Once the feasibility analysis has been done on each candidate solution, a comparison can now be made among all of the candidate solutions to determine which ones to recommend to the system owners and users.
Answer: True Page: 197 LOD: Easy
- In the future, with the improvement of CASE tools, we will no longer need systems analysts to investigate business problems; the procedure will be completely automated.
Answer: False Page: 199 LOD: Medium Rationale: In the future, we will continue to need systems analysts who understand how to fundamentally investigate and analyze business problems and define the logical business requirements as a preface to system design.
99. A system proposal may be presented as a: A) report B) verbal presentation C) walkthrough D) all of these E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 198 LOD: Medium
100. Which of the following is not a category of constraints? A) schedule B) technology C) priority D) cost E) policy
Answer: C Page: 183 LOD: Medium
101. The study of a current business and information system application and the definition of user requirements and priorities for a new or improved information system is part of which phase? A) problem analysis phase B) scope definition phase C) requirements analysis phase D) decision analysis phase E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 174 LOD: Medium
102. Which of the following is NOT a phase in systems analysis? A) scope definition phase B) design analysis phase C) requirements analysis phase D) decision analysis phase E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 161 LOD: Hard
103. A problem solving technique that decomposes a system into its component parts while focusing on the business problem independent of technology is: A) systems design B) systems analysis C) cause-and-effect analysis D) joint application design (JAD) E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 160 LOD: Medium
106. Which of the following is a model-driven, data-centered, but process-sensitive technique to plan, analyze and design information systems? A) cause-and-effect analysis B) information engineering C) data flow diagrams D) object oriented analysis E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 163 LOD: Medium
107. A small-scale, incomplete, but working sample of a desired system is: A) an entity relationship diagram B) a prototype C) a data-flow diagram D) a unified modeling language diagram E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 163 LOD: Easy
108. The application of systems analysis methods to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization, independent of technology is: A) total quality management B) continuous process improvement C) cause-and-effect analysis D) business process redesign E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 166 LOD: Medium
- Which of the following is not part of the scope definition phase?
A) identify problems, opportunities and directives
B) negotiate baseline project scope
C) assess project worthiness
D) propose candidate solutions
E) all of these are part of the scope definition phase
Answer: D Page: 167 LOD: Medium
110. A committee of executive business and system managers that studies and prioritizes competing project proposals to determine which projects will return the most for an organization, and should be approved is: A) joint application committee B) joint requirements committee C) steering body D) prototyping body E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 173 LOD: Medium
- The problem analysis phase typically includes which of the following tasks?
A) negotiate baseline scope
B) establish system improvement objectives
C) prioritize system requirements
D) analyze candidate solutions
E) all of these
Answer: B Page: 175 LOD: Hard
112. Which of the following phases defines the business requirements for new systems? A) scope definition phase B) systems analysis phase C) requirements analysis phase D) decision analysis phase E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 185 LOD: Medium
113. A description of activities and services that a system must provide is A) non-functional requirement B) functional requirement C) prototype D) physical requirement E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 185 LOD: Medium
115. A diagram that depicts how the system interacts with the world around it and specifies the system inputs and outputs is a(n): A) use case diagram B) entity relationship diagram C) context diagram D) object diagram E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 178 LOD: Medium
116. Which of the following is NOT shown in a context diagram? A) the system B) actors or agents C) system inputs D) system outputs E) all of these are shown
Answer: E Page: 179 LOD: Medium
117. Which of the following phases identifies candidate solutions, analyzes them, and recommends a target solution? A) scope definition phase B) systems analysis phase C) requirements analysis phase D) decision analysis phase E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 192 LOD: Medium
- Technical feasibility asks the following question(s):
A) Is the solution technically practical? Does the staff have the technical expertise to design and build the system?
B) Will the solution fulfill the users’ requirements? To what degree? How will the solution change the users’ work environment?
C) Is the solution cost-effective?
D) Can the solution be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?
E) none of these
Answer: A Page: 195 LOD: Medium
- Operational feasibility asks the following question(s):
A) Is the solution technically practical? Does the staff have the technical expertise to design and build the system?
B) Will the solution fulfill the users’ requirements? To what degree? How will the solution change the users’ work environment?
C) Is the solution cost-effective?
D) Can the solution be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?
E) none of these
Answer: B Page: 195 LOD: Medium
- Economic feasibility asks the following question(s):
A) Is the solution technically practical? Does the staff have the technical expertise to design and build the system?
B) Will the solution fulfill the users’ requirements? To what degree? How will the solution change the users’ work environment?
C) Is the solution cost-effective?
D) Can the solution be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?
E) none of these
Answer: C Page: 195 LOD: Medium
- Schedule feasibility asks the following question(s):
A) Is the solution technically practical? Does the staff have the technical expertise to design and build the system?
B) Will the solution fulfill the users’ requirements? To what degree? How will the solution change the users’ work environment?
C) Is the solution cost-effective?
D) Can the solution be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?
E) none of these
Answer: D Page: 195 LOD: Medium
122. The project plan needs to be updated during what phase of the systems development life cycle? A) problem analysis phase B) logical design phase C) requirements analysis phase D) decision analysis phase E) all of these
Answer: E Page: 177, 187, 191, 194 LOD: Medium
- Which of the following are not in the classical set of techniques for fact-finding?:
A) sampling of existing documentation, reports, forms, files, databases and memos
B) research of relevant literature, benchmarks and site visits
C) prototyping the preliminary system requirements
D) observation of the current system
E) all of these
Answer: C Page: 165-166 LOD: Medium
