Chapter 9

Question 1

Alcohols and ethers do not contain

Answer 1

good leaving groups. OH or OR group must be converted before alcohol or ether can be substituted.

Question 2

Epoxides have

Answer 2

a leaving group located in a strained three-membered ring, making them reactive to strong nucleophiles and acids HZ that contain a nucleophilic atom Z.

Question 3

Less stable carbocations rearrange to

Answer 3

more stable carbocations by shift of a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. Besides rearrangement carbocations also react with nucleophiles and bases.

Question 4

Preparation of alcohols

Answer 4

The mechanism is SN2. The reaction works best for CH3X and primary RX.

Question 5

Preparation of Alkoxides

Answer 5

A Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

Question 6

Preparation of ethers

Answer 6

Williamson ether synthesis. The mechanism is SN2. The reaction works best with CH3X and primary RX

Question 7

Preparation of epoxides

Answer 7

A two step reaction sequence.

1. Removal of a proton with base forms an alkoxide.
2. Intramolecular SN2 reaction forms the epoxide.