Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Multivariate design

A

Involves more than two measured variables

Will get closer to causality than bivariate

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2
Q

Three criteria for caustion

A

Covariance: Are the two variables related?
Temporal precedence: Does one variable cause the other variable?
Internal validity: Is there a third variable that might explain the relationship of the first two variables?

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3
Q

Longitudinal design

A

can provide evidence for temporal precedence by measuring the same variables in the same people at several different times; used by developmental psychologists; gets us closer to a causal claim
Repeated observations of the same variables over short and long periods of time

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4
Q

Longitudinal designs yield three types of correlations

A

cross-sectional correlations, autocorrelations, and cross-lag correlations

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5
Q

Cross-sectional correlations

A

whether two variables measured at the same point in time are correlated

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6
Q

Autocorrelations

A

the correlation of each variable with itself across time.

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7
Q

Cross-lag correlations

A

correlation of the degree to which an earlier measure of one variable is associated with a later measure of the other variable; examines how people change over time. Researchers are most interested in cross-lag correlations because they help establish temporal precedence.

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8
Q

Covariance 9

A

when the cross-sectional correlations are significant, covariance has been established.

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9
Q

Temporal precedence 9

A

if one of the cross-lag correlations is stronger than the other, this it moves us closer to figuring out which variables causes the other.

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10
Q

Internal Validity

A

by measuring only four variables, as we have in the TV and aggression example, longitudinal designs do not rule out third-variable explanations. Researchers might be able to design their studies in particular ways or do subsequent statistical analyses to address some third variables.

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11
Q

Multiple regression (also known as multivariate regression

A

helps address questions of internal validity by ruling out some third variables

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12
Q

Criterion variable

A

dependent variable
What you’re most interested in.
Either in the title or the top row of table
(for example, pregnancy risk)

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13
Q

Predictor variables

A

independent variables.
Listed below criterion variable in the table
for example, amount of sexual content teenagers reported viewing on TV and the age of each teen

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14
Q

Parsimony

A

simplicity; the degree to which a good scientific theory provides the simplest explanation of some phenomenon

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