Chapter 9

Question 1

The intensified interest in crime prevention was fueled primarily by: (4)

Answer 1

1. problem solving
2. fear of crime
3. Wilson and Kelling’s (1982) treatise on “broken windows”
4. a realization that the police could not control crime without the assistance of community

Question 2

This thesis declared that if the police concentrated on disorder and minor crimes, it would have an impact on more serious crime in a neighborhood,

Answer 2

Wilson and Kellings “broken windows” thesis

Question 3

There are three theories that can help to explain the workings of crime prevention programming. They are: (3)

Answer 3

1. social disorganization theory
2. rational choice theory
3. routine activities theory

Question 4

Which Theory?

Impoverished groups would move intothe area and, over time, they were able to improve their socioeconomic status and move to more affluent areas, usually middle-class neighborhoods. However, they would be replaced by new, lower socio-economically bound individuals.

Answer 4

Social Disorganization Theory

Question 5

Bursik and Grasmick identified three levels of social control:

Answer 5

1. private
2. parochial
3. public

Question 6

Which Theory?

It is claimed that there is a calculus, or decision-making process, that people perform when deciding to commit crime.

Answer 6

Rational Choice Theory

Question 7

Basically, Routine Activities Theory posits that a crime consists of three elements

Answer 7

1. a motivated criminal
2. a target or object of a crime
3. the absence of quardianship

Question 8

Lindon has identified general types of crime prevention: What are they? (5)

Answer 8

1. social development programs
2. situational prvention
3. community crime prevention
4. legislative/administrative programs
5. police programs

Question 9

These programs attempt to reduce the number of motivated offenders in society. They focus on the conditions that contribute to crime.

Answer 9

Social Developement Programs

Question 10

Situational Crime Prevention is defined as opportunity-reducing tactics that have the following elements: (3)

Answer 10

1. are directed at highly specific forms of crime
2. involve management,design or manipulation of the immediate enviroment in as systemic and permanent way as possible
3. make crime more difficult and risky, or less rewarding and excusable as judged by a wide range of offenders

Question 11

Essentially, there are two primary modes of situatioinal crime prevention:

Answer 11

1. Crime Prevention through enviromental design (CPTED)

2. Criminal behavioral change

Question 12

This refers to when building and public areas are constructed in such a fashion as to deter criminals

Answer 12

Crime Prevention through Enviromental Change (CPTED)

Question 13

This term refers to when measures are taken to make it more difficult to commit a crime,

Answer 13

Targeting Hardening

Question 14

These locations are more frequently targeted for robbery: (2)

Answer 14

1. Convenient Store and

2. Gasoline Service Stations

Question 15

This refers to the efforts to entice people to be more observant in their physicla enviroments. It can consist of physical changes or it can consist of programs that encourage people to observe their neighborhood more closely.

Answer 15

Natural surveillance

Question 16

Lighting can be a strong deterrent. Painter and Farrinton (1997) conducted an experiment, and found that additional lighting resulted in a _______ percent decrease in crime incidents in the area.

Answer 16

41%

Question 17

Most efforts in community crime prevention have centered on:

Answer 17

1. neighborhood watches
2. community anti-drug programs
3. public media campaigns

Question 18

Garofalo and McLeod (1989) identified two primary expectations for neighborhood watches:

Answer 18

1. First, it is meant to reduce crime, both directly, through the “observe and report” function, and indirectly, by being a vehicle for the encouragement of other prevention practices.
2. Second, there is a more general hope that NW (neighborhood watches) will kindle a sense of community among residents by giving them a common purpose, and by getting them to talk to each other and watch out for each other.

Question 19

This information is the most common type of public education.

Answer 19

Media Reporting of Crime

Question 20

What percentage of TV programming is crime related?

Answer 20

25%

Question 21

This is the best-known crime-prevention media campaign:

Answer 21

The “Taking a Bite our of Crime”

Question 22

In regards to Crime Stoppers, Rosenbaum found that most of the tips received by the police came from: (2)

Answer 22

1. Other criminals attempting to eliminate a competitor or even an old score
   or
2. “fringe-players” who hung around or associated with the criminals whom they reported

Question 23

This occurs when police executives too frequently attempt to implant everything that is available:

Answer 23

The Shotgun Approach

Question 24

Legislative and administrative changes can provide new tools to law enforcement tofight old problems. Today, many departments use these to counter prostitution and drug problems.

Answer 24

1. building and nuisnance code enforcement

2. public health regulations

Question 25

This is a person or organization associated with another in some action or endeavor and who shares in both the risks and rewards of the joint effort. The key is that a partner brings something to the table, knowledge, skills, and/or resources, and stands to benefit insome way from the success of the project.

Answer 25

A partner

Question 26

This is a person or group having an investment or interest in an enterprise. They may share in some risk or reward, particularly if their investment is monetary, but what they stand to gain may not be tied directly to their contribution in the same way as that of a project partner.

Answer 26

A stakeholder

Question 27

This is a philosophy focused on improving the quality of life of citizens in their satisfaction with local government services through govrnment wide organizational changes designed to support proactive collaborative problem-solving and interagency and community partnerships.

Answer 27

Community governance