Chapter 7 Flashcards
This fear relates to concerns regarding safety and well-being for others such as family or friends. It contributes to one’s personal fear.
Altruistic Fear
The gap between falling crime rates and stable or even increasing levels of fear has led to renewed interest among police in strategies for reducing fear of crime. What is this gap referred to as?
The reassurance gap
This defined as consisting of a “set of components found in social associations and interactions among people that, when activated, empower individuals and facilitate cooperation toward mutual benefit. In essence, it refers to the social support networks, local institutions, shared norms of trust and reciprocity, and collective activities among community members that can be used to produce a common good”.
Social capital
There are may national and local agencies working to identify the best strategies to address truancy and the surrounding issues, and those that are most successful include:
A. broad-based collaborative effort where schools and communities work jointly and proactively to effectively tackle the
problem of truancy.
NOTE: School officials, parents, politicians, law officials, community organizations, and social service agencies must all be at the planning table to collaboratively develop targeted truancy intervention strategies.
This is one of the first indicators of a child who is in trouble:
Truancy
Truancy has been correlated with (4):
- teen pregnancy
- Juvenile delinquency
- substance abuse
- adult criminality
This type of policing simply is police actions that go beyond crime and disorder problems. The police develop positive relationships with community members to the point that they have confidence and the police in their ability to serve community needs.
Reassurance policing
Historically, fear of crime was not a prime concern to the police and it was not until this era that fear of crime was an issue in the American criminal justice system.
1970’s
The victim’s movement was buttressed by these movements:
Women’s and children’s movements
These victimizations come with the treatment of the victims by the criminal justice system.
Secondary victimization
Fear of Crime became a legitimate police objective as a result of:
The Flint, Michigan, Foot Patrol Experiment
The Flint Foot Patrol Experiment
At the end of the program, roughly ______% of the citizens surveyed reported feeling safer as a result of the foot patrols.
70%
Rader note that the threat of victimization consists of three components:
(1) The emotive component, or generalized fear, where the individual becomes wary of real and perceived disorder, and crime events in the community
2. The cognitive component, which is one’s perceived risk and consists of one’s assessment of danger
3. The behavioral component, which is constrained activities or lifestyle.
Most research into fear of crime shows that there is some degree of irrationality associated with it. That is, fear of crime is not consistent with (1)___________ and
(2) ___________.
- victimization
2. levels of crime
There has been a substantial amount of interest in fear of crime over the past 20 years. Studies of the topic have resulted in four theoretical models that have been used to describe the fear of crime process. The models include: (4)
- the victimization model
- the disorder model
- the community concern model
- the subcultural-diversity model
This model explains that fear of crime through personal victimization, experiences, with others who have been victimized, and perceived and victimization.
The Victimization Model
This model postulates that fear is produced by the amount of perceived disorder that people encounter in their neighborhood, or areas where they travel such as work, shopping, and recreation.
The Disorder Model
This model posits that fear of crime is related to community dynamics.
The Community Concern Model
This model suggests that some measure of fear of crime is produced from persons living near others who have cultural backgrounds that are different from their own.
The Cultural-Diversity Model
Thompson and her colleagues investigated global fear, fear of property crime, and fear of violent crime. Global fear refer to one’s general sense of fear of crime. Their research indicated that this was perhaps the best way to measure or understand people’s fear of crime.
Global fear