Chapter 9 Flashcards
cross-tabulation
A technique for analyzing the relationship between two nominal or ordinal variables that have been organized in a table.
bivariate analysis
A statistical method designed to detect and describe the relationship between two nominal or ordinal variables.
bivariate table
A table that displays the distribution of one variable across the categories of another variable.
column variable
A variable whose categories are the columns of a bivariate table.
row variable
A variable whose categories are the rows of a bivariate table.
cell
The intersection of a row and a column in a bivariate table.
marginals
The row and column totals in a bivariate table.
positive relationship
A bivariate relationship between two variables measured at the ordinal level or higher in which the variables vary in the same direction.
negative relationship
A bivariate relationship between two variables measured at the ordinal level or higher in which the variables vary in opposite directions.
elaboration
A process designed to further explore a bivariate relationship; it involves the introduction of control variables.
control variable
An additional variable considered in a bivariate relationship. The variable is controlled for when we take into account its effect on the variables in the bivariate relationship.
direct causal relationship
A bivariate relationship that cannot be accounted for by other theoretically relevant variables.
spurious relationship
A relationship in which both the independent and dependent variables are influenced by a causally prior control variable, and there is no causal link between them. The relationship between the independent and dependent variables is said to be “explained away” by the control variable.
partial tables
Bivariate tables that display the relationship between the independent and dependent variables while controlling for a third variable.
partial relationship
The relationship between the independent and dependent variables shown in partial table.
