Chapter 2

Question 1

frequency distribution

Answer 1

A table reporting the number of observations that fall into each category of the variable.

Question 2

proportion

Answer 2

A relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases.

Question 3

percentage

Answer 3

A relative frequency obtained by dividing the frequency in each category by the total number of cases and multiplying by 100.

Question 4

percentage distribution

Answer 4

A table showing the percentage of observations falling into each category of the variable.

Question 5

cumulative frequency distribution

Answer 5

A distribution showing the frequency at or below each category (class interval or score) of the variable.

Question 6

cumulative percentage distribution

Answer 6

A distribution showing the percentage at or below each category (class interval or score) of the variable.

Question 7

rate

Answer 7

A number obtained by dividing the number of actual occurrences in a given time period by the number of possible occurrences.

Question 8

pie chart

Answer 8

A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable. The categories are displayed as segments of a circle whose pieces add up to 100% of the total frequencies.

Question 9

bar graph

Answer 9

A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of a nominal or an ordinal variable. The categories are displayed as rectangles of equal width with their height proportional to the frequency or percentage of the category.

Question 10

histogram

Answer 10

A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among the categories of an interval-ratio variable. The categories are displayed as contiguous bars, with width proportional to the width of the category and height proportional to the frequency or percentage of that category.

Question 11

statistical map

Answer 11

A visual presentation of geographic data patterns or variations, such as the population distribution.

Question 12

line graph

Answer 12

A graph showing the differences in frequencies or percentages among categories of an interval-ratio variable. Points representing the frequencies of each category are placed above the midpoint of the category and are joined by a straight line.

Question 13

time-series chart

Answer 13

A graph displaying changes in a variable at different points in time. It shows time (measured in units such as years or months) on the horizontal axis and the frequencies (percentages or rates) of another variable on the vertical axis.