Chapter 6

Question 1

population

Answer 1

A group that includes all the cases (individuals, objects, or groups) in which the researcher is interested.

Question 2

sample

Answer 2

A subset of cases selected from a population.

Question 3

sampling

Answer 3

The process of identifying and selecting a subset of the population for study.

Question 4

parameter

Answer 4

A measure (e.g., mean, standard deviation) used to describe the population distribution.

Question 5

statistic

Answer 5

A measure (e.g., mean, standard deviation) used to describe the sample distribution.

Question 6

probability

Answer 6

A quantitative measure that a particular event will occur.

Question 7

probability sampling

Answer 7

A method of sampling that enables the researcher to specify for each case in the population the probability of its inclusion in the sample.

Question 8

simple random sample

Answer 8

A sample design in such a way as to ensure that (a) every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen and (b) every combination of N members has an equal chance of being chosen.

Question 9

systematic random sampling

Answer 9

A method of sampling in which every Kth member (K is a ratio obtained by dividing the population size by the desired sample size) in the total population is chosen for inclusion in the sample is selected at random from among the first K members in the population.

Question 10

stratified random sample

Answer 10

A method of sampling obtained by (a) dividing the population into subgroups based on one or more variables central to our analysis and (b) then drawing a simple random sample from each of the subgroups.

Question 11

proportionate stratified sample

Answer 11

The size fo the sample selected from each subgroup is proportional to the size of that subgroup in the entire population.

Question 12

disproportionate stratified sample

Answer 12

The size of the sample selected from each subgroup is disproportional to the size of the subgroup in the population.

Question 13

sampling error

Answer 13

The discrepancy between a sample estimate of a population parameter and the real population parameter.

Question 14

sampling distribution

Answer 14

The sampling distribution is a theoretical probability distribution of all possible sample values fo rate statistics in which we are interested.

Question 15

sampling distribution of the mean

Answer 15

A theoretical probability distribution of sample means that would be obtained by drawing from the population all possible samples of the same size.

Question 16

standard error of the mean

Answer 16

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean. It describes how much dispersion there is in the sampling distribution of the mean.

Question 17

central limit theorem

Answer 17

pg. 168