Chapter 9 Flashcards
Greatly increased output of machine-used goods that began in England during the 18th century
Industrial Revolution
Larger fields
Enclosures
Switching crops every year to preserve the ground
Crop Rotation
Process of developing machine production of goods
Industrialization
Resources needed to produce goods and services that the industrial Revolution needed
Factors of Production
Where wealthy textile merchants set up the machines in large buildings
Factories
What were the four natural resources needed for British industrialization?
Water power and coal to fuel new machines, iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings, rivers for inland transportation, and barbers for which it’s merchants set soil
How did the enclosure movement change agriculture in England?
Landowners tried ene agriculture methods and large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to cities
Name two inventions that were crated during the industrial Revolution. Describe the impact.
Steam Engine- work faster and more efficiently than other boats
Macadam Road- used in rainy weather, heavy wagons could travel over new roads without sinking, and cotton gin
City buildings and movement of people to cities
Urbanization
Social class of skilled workers, professionals, business workers, and wealthy farmers
Middle Class
Describe the living conditions in Britain during industrialization.
No development plans, no sanitation codes or sickness codes, sickness and disease was rampant
How did the middle class transform the social structure of Great Britain during industrialization?
Poorer people started to become more wealthy and more powerful
How did industrialization affect Manchester’s natural environment?
Lack of adequate housing, education, and police protection, no indoor plumbing, garbage out in streets
Business owned by stockholders who share its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts
Corporation
Why were the other European countries slower to industrialize than Britain?
Britain had favorable geography, good financial systems, political stability, and natural resources
What helps to explain the rise of globally inequality during th industrial revolution?
Industrialized countries needed natural resources and customers from less-developed countries. these needs led to imperialism and colonist
Defended idea of a free economy
Adam Smith
Economic policy of letting owners of industries and business set working conditions
Laissez-Faire
Money invested in business ventures
Capitalism
People should judge ideas on their own actions
Utilitarianism
Factors of Production owned by public
Socialism
Introduced would to a radical type of socialism
Karl Marx
All land mines, factories, railroads, and businesses owned by people
Communism
Negotiations between workers and their employees
Collective Bargaining
Refusing to work
Strike
What were the two warning classes that Marx and Engels outlines in the Communist Manifesto?
Bourgeoise and Proletariat
Name two ways women fought for change during the industrial revolution.
Formed unions, served as safety inspectors, rallied for abolition of slavery and founded international council of women
