Chapter 9

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

all mental activities associated with thinking

Question 2

concept

Answer 2

a mental grouping of similar things

Question 3

prototype

Answer 3

a mental image of a category

Question 4

algorithm

Answer 4

methodical, logical rule or procedure

Question 5

heuristic

Answer 5

simple thinking stagy with quick decisions

Question 6

insight

Answer 6

“ah ha”

Question 7

confirmation bias

Answer 7

search for evidence that confirms previous beliefs

Question 8

mental set

Answer 8

tendency to approach a problem in a particular way

Question 9

intuition

Answer 9

automatic feeling or thought

Question 10

availability heuristic

Answer 10

estimating likelihood of events based on availability in memory

Question 11

overconfidence

Answer 11

tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 12

belief perseverance

Answer 12

clinging to an initial belief even after it has been discredited

Question 13

faming

Answer 13

the way in issue is posed

Question 14

creativity

Answer 14

ability to think of new and valuable ideas

Question 15

convergent thinking

Answer 15

narrowing available problem solutions

Question 16

divergent thinking

Answer 16

expanding number of problem solutions

Question 17

babbling stage

Answer 17

infant stage where they utter various sounds

Question 18

one-word stage

Answer 18

age 1-2, speaks in single words

Question 19

two-word stage

Answer 19

age 2, speaks mostly in two words

Question 20

telegraphic speech

Answer 20

speaking in mostly nouns and verbs. “go car”

Question 21

aphasia

Answer 21

impairment of language usually caused by damage to broca or wernicke’s area

Question 22

broca’s area

Answer 22

controls language expression

Question 23

wernicke’s area

Answer 23

language reception

Question 24

linguistic determinism

Answer 24

language determines the way we think