Chapter 9 Flashcards
Respiratory system
the body system that brings oxygen from the air into the body for delivery via the blood cells
respiration
the diffusion of gases between the atmosphere and the cells of the body
ventilation
a term that means the intake of fresh air
URT
upper respiratory tract
LRT
lower respiratory tract
upper respiratory tract
the part of the respiratory system that consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, and larynx
Lower Respiratory tract
part of the respiratory system that consists of the trachea, and within the lungs the bronchioles, and aveoli
Nas/o
nose
rhin/o
nose
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
rhinorrhea
runny nose
rhinorrhagia
nosebleed, nose hemorrhage
nasal
pertaining to the nose
mesonasal
pertaining to the middle of the nose
nasogastric tube
tube that goes through the nose and into the stomach
nostrils/ nares
paired external opening of the respiratory tract
endotherms
warm blooded animals
nasal turbinates
scroll-like cartilages covered with highly vascular mucous membranes
meat/o
meatus
sept/o
partition
cer/o
horn
vestibule
rostral part of the nostrils and nasal cavity
mucous membrane
specialized form of epithelial tissue, they secrete mucus
mucus
slime like substance that is composed of glandular screations, salts,cells, and leukocytes
cilia
think hairs located inside the nostrils
debris
remains of something destroyed or damaged
olfactory receptors
responsible for the sense of smell
olfact/o
smell
olfaction
the sense of smell
tonsil/o
tonsils
tonsils
lymphatic tissue that protects the nasal cavity and proximal throat
sinus
an air-filled or fluid filled space
sinus/o
sinus
pharyng/o
pharynx
nasopharynx
portion of the throat posterior to the nasal cavity and dorsal to the soft palate
oropharynx
portion of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis
laryngopharynx
portion of the throat dorsal to he larynx that opens into the voice box and esophagus
palat/o
palate- roof of the mouth
palatal
pertaining to the palate
pharyngostomy
surgical creating an opening in the pharynx - where you can place a feeding tube
epiglottis
cartilaginous flap that covers the glottis when swallowing
epiglott/o
epiglottis
glott/o
glottis
laryng/o
larynx- voice box
laryngopathy
disease of the voice box
vocal cords
paired membranous bands in the larynx that help produce sound
laryngoscope
instrument used the view the voice box
trachea
air passes from the larynx through here, also know as the windpipe
thorax
chest cavity
thrache/o
windpipe/ trachea
tracheal bifuracation
where the distal end of the trachea divides into two branches
bronchi
branches from he trachea
bronch/o
bronchi
principal/primary bronchus
each bronchus that leads to a separate lung
-ole
small
bronchiol/o
bronchioles
alveoli
air sacs in which most of the gas exchange occurs
alveolus
Latin for small hollow thing, grape like cluster the end of each bronchiole
alveol/o
small sac
surfactant
alveoli liquid that reduces alveolar surface tension
cost/o
ribs
-thorax
chest cavity
thorac/o
chest cavity
lung
main organ of respiration
lobes
division of the lungs
lob/o
well defined portion
pneum/o
lung or air
pneumon/o
lung or air
pneu
lung or air
pulm/o
lung
pulmon/o
lung
parenchyma
refers to the functional elements of an organ
stroma
framework of elements
mediastinum
region between the lungs
pleura
membranous sac that encases each lung
pleur/o
means membrane surrounding the lung
pleurae
plural form of pleura
parietal pleura
outer layer of the membrane lining the inner wall of the thoracic cavity
visceral pleura
the inner layer of the membrane lining the outside of the lung
pleural space
potential space between the parietal pleura and visveral pleura
pleural fluid
prevents friction when the membranes rub together during respiration and provides adhesive force to keep the lungs in contact with the chest wall as it expands during inspiration
dia-
across
phragm/o
wall
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm
phren/o
diaphragm
diaphragmatic hernia
an abnormal displacement of organs through the muscle separating the chest and abdomen
inhalation
drawling in of breath
inspiration
another term for the drawling in of breath
exhalation
the release of breath
expiration
the release of breath
spir/o
breath or breathing
-pnea
breathing
apena
absence of breathing
dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
bradypena
abnormally slow respiratory rates
tachypnea
abnormally rapid respiratory rates
hyperpnena
abnormally increase in the rate and depth of respiration
hyponea
abnormally slow or shallow respiration’s
hyperventilation
abnormally rapid deep breathing, which results in decreased levels of cellular carbon dioxide
agonal breathing
respiration near death or during extreme suffering
ox/o
oxygen
ox/y
oxygen
capn/o
carbon dioxide
hypoxia
refers to an inadequate supply of oxygen to tissue despite an adequate blood supply
hypercapnia
refers to excessive amounts of carbon dioxide
hyperventilation
abnormal increase in the rate or depth of breathing
hypocapnia
is a decrease in the carbon dioxide levels in the bloood
respiratory acidosis
excessive amount of co2 in the blood due to decreased ventilation
respiratory alkalosis
abnormally low levels of co2 in the blood stream
arterial gases
laboratory test in which pressure levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are measured in arterial blood
auscultation
act of listening
adventitious sounds
pathologic respiratory sounds
bubbling
sound of popping bubbles that suggests fluid accumulation
crepitation
fine or coarse interrupted crackling noises coming from collapsed or fluid filed alveoli during inspiration
decreased lung sounds
less or no sound of air movement, suggesting consolidation of lung tissue
consolidation
condition in which lung tissue becomes firm and solid rather than elastic and air filled because it has accumulated fluids
respiratory rate
number of respiration per minute
rhonchi
abnormal, continuous, musical, high-pitched, whistling sound heard during inspiration
stridore
snoring, squeaking, or whistling that suggests airway narrowing
vesicular sounds
sounds resulting from air passing through small bronchi and alveoli
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchus
bronchoscope
an instrument used to visually examine the bronchus
percussion
diagnostic test used to determine density in which sound is produced by tapping various body surfaces with the finger or an instrument
phlegm
thick mucus secreted by the respiratory lining
radiography
image of internal structures created by exposure of sensitized film to x-rays
spirometer
instrument used to measure air taken in and out of the lungs
sputum culture
procedure in which mucus from the LRT is collected and placed in predetermined media to allow microbes to reproduce
tracheal wash
collection of fluid of mucus from the trachea via an endotracheal tube to assess respiratory disease
thoracocentesis
puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
trephination
insertion of a hole boring instrument into a sinus to establish fluid drainage or to allow access to he roots of teeth
