Chapter 9

Question 1

A drawing that represents chemical bonds between atoms as shared or transferred electrons; the valence electrons of atoms are represented as dots

Answer 1

Lewis electron-dot structures (Lewis structures)

Question 2

A chemical bond formed between two oppositely charged ions, generally a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion, that are attracted to one another by electrostatic forces

Answer 2

Ionic bond

Question 3

A chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons that interact with the nuclei of both atoms, lowering the potential energy of each through electrostatic interactions

Answer 3

Covalent bond

Question 4

The type of bonding that occurs in metal crystals, in which metal atoms donate their electrons to an electron sea, delocalized of the entire crystal lattice

Answer 4

Metallic bonding

Question 5

Represent the valence electrons of main-group elements as dots surrounding the abbreviation for the element

Answer 5

Lewis symbol

Question 6

A Lewis structure with eight dots, signifying a filled outer electron shell for s and p block elements

Answer 6

Octet

Question 7

A Lewis structure with two dots, signifying a filled outer electron shell for the elements H and He

Answer 7

Duet

Question 8

The sharing or transfer of electrons to attain stable electron configurations for the bonding atoms

Answer 8

Chemical bond

Question 9

The tendency for most bonded atoms to possess or star eight electrons in their outer shell to obtain stable electron configurations and lower their potential energy

Answer 9

Octet rule

Question 10

The engird associated with forming a crystalline lattice from gaseous ions

Answer 10

Lattice energy

Question 11

A hypothetical series of steps based on Hess’ law that represents the formation of an ionic compound from its constituent elements

Answer 11

Born- Haber cycle

Question 12

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms

Answer 12

Bonding pair

Question 13

A pair of electrons associated with only one atom

Answer 13

Lone pair (nonbonding electrons)

Question 14

The bond that forms when two electrons are shared between two atoms

Answer 14

Double bond

Question 15

The bond that forms when three electron pairs are shared between two atoms

Answer 15

Triple bond

Question 16

A covalent bond between two atoms with significantly different electronegativities, resulting in an uneven distribution of electron density

Answer 16

Polar covalent bond

Question 17

The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a covalent bond

Answer 17

Electronegativity

Question 18

A measure of the separation of positive and negative charge in a molecule

Answer 18

Dipole moment

Question 19

The ratio of a bond’s actual dipole moment it would have it the electron were transferred completely from one atoms to the other, multiplied by 100%

Answer 19

Percent ionic character

Question 20

Two or more valid Lewis structures that are shown with double-headed arrows between them to indicate that the actual structure of the molecule is intermediate between them

Answer 20

Resonance structures

Question 21

The actual structure of a molecule that is intermediate between two or more resonance structures

Answer 21

Resonance hybrid

Question 22

The charge that an atom in a Lewis structure would have if all the bonding electrons were shared equally between the bonded atoms

Answer 22

Formal charge

Question 23

A molecule or ion with an odd number of electrons in its Lewis structure

Answer 23

Free radical

Question 24

The energy required to break 1 mol of the bond in the gas phase

Answer 24

Bond energy

Question 25

The average length of a bond between two particular atoms in a variety of compounds

Answer 25

Bond length