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Gen Chem > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed.

A

Law of Conservation of mass

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2
Q

All samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements.

A

Law of Definite Proportions

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3
Q

When two elements (call them A and B) form two different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1 g of element A can be expressed as a ration of small whole numbers.

A

Law of Multiple Proportions

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4
Q

The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction occurs; electrons flow toward the cathode.

A

Cathode Ray tube

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5
Q

A stream of electrons produced when a high electrical voltage is applied between two electrodes within a partially evacuated tube.

A

Cathode Rays

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6
Q

Fundamental property of some of the particles that compose atoms and results attractive and repulsive forces.

A

Electrical charge

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7
Q

a negatively charged, low mass particle present within all atoms

A

Electron

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8
Q

Who is known for discovering the electron?

A

J.J. Thomson

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9
Q

The emission of small energetic particles from the corse of certain unstable atoms

A

Radioactivity

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10
Q

Who is known for discovering radioactivity?

A

Henri Becquerel and Marie Curie

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11
Q

Who conducted the gold foil experiment?

A

Rutherford

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12
Q

Who proposed the nuclear theory?

A

Rutherford

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13
Q

Most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge are contained in a small core

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

What is the positive charge of the atom?

A

Protons

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15
Q

Neutral particles within the nucleus

A

Neutrons

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16
Q

The number of protons in the atoms nucleus. The Z number

A

Atomic number

17
Q

Each element, identified by its unique atomic number, is represented with a

A

Chemical symbol

18
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called

A

Isotopes

19
Q

The relative mount of each different isotope in a naturally occurring sample of a given element is roughly constant.

A

Natural abundance

20
Q

The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. The A number.

A

Mass number

21
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cations

22
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Anions

23
Q

When the elements are arranged in order of increasing mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

A

Periodic law

24
Q

Large class of elements that are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, lustrous, and tend to lose electrons during chemical changes.

A

Metals

25
Q

A class of elements that tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity and usually gain electrons during chemical reactions.

A

Nonmetals

26
Q

A category of elements found on the boundary between the metals and non metals of the periodic table, with properties intermediate between those of both groups; also called semimetals

A

Metalloids

27
Q

A material with intermediate electrical conductivity that can be changes and controlled.

A

Semiconductor

28
Q

Those elements found in the s or p blocks of the periodic table, whose properties tend to be predictable based on their position in the table.

A

Main-group elements

29
Q

Those elements found in the d block of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the table.

A

Transition elements (transition metals)

30
Q

Columns within the main group elements in the periodic table that contain elements that exhibit similar chemical properties.

A

Family (group)

31
Q

The group of 8A elements, which are largely un-reactive due to their stable filled p orbitals.

A

Noble gases

32
Q

Highly reactive metals in group 1A of the periodic table.

A

Alkali metals

33
Q

Fairly reactive metals in group 2A of the periodic table.

A

Alkaline earth metals

34
Q

Highly reactive nonmetals in group 7A of the periodic table

A

Halogens

35
Q

The average mass in amu of the atoms of a particular element based on the relative abundance of the various isotopes; it is numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of one mole of the element.

A

Atomic mass

36
Q

An experimental method of determining the precise mass and relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample using an instrument called a mass spectrometer.

A

Mass spectrometry

37
Q

A unit defined as the amount of material containing 6.0221421 X 10^23.

A

Mole

38
Q

An elements molar mass in grams per mole is numerically equal to the element’s atomic amass in atomic mass units.

A

Molar mass

Gen Chem (5 decks)

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