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Gen Chem > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Oppositely charged ions attract one another by electrostatic forces

A

Ionic bond

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2
Q

A chemical bond in which two atoms share electrons that interact with the nuclei of both atoms, lowering the potential energy of each through electrostatic interactions

A

Covalent bond

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3
Q

A symbolic representation of a compound that indicates the elements present in the compound and the relative number of atoms

A

Chemical formula

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4
Q

A chemical formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound.

A

Empirical formula

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5
Q

A chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound

A

Molecular formula

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6
Q

A molecular formula that shows how the atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other

A

Structural formula

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7
Q

A representation of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule that shows how the atoms are bonded to each other and the overall shape of the molecule.

A

Ball-and-stick model

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8
Q

A representation of a molecule that shows how the atoms fill the space between them

A

Space-filling molecular model

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9
Q

Those elements that exist in nature with single atoms was their basic units.

A

Atomic elements

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10
Q

Those elements that exist in nature with diatomic or polyatomic molecules as their basic unit

A

Molecular elements

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11
Q

Compounds composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals

A

Molecular compound

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12
Q

A compound composed of cations and anions bound together y electrostatic attraction

A

Ionic compound

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13
Q

The smallest, electrically neutral collections of ions in an ionic compound

A

Formula unit

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14
Q

An ion composed of two or more atoms

A

Polyatomic ion

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15
Q

A traditional name of a compound that gives little or no information about its chemical structure; for example, the common name of NaHCO3 is “baking soda”

A

Common name

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16
Q

An official name of a compound, based on well-established rules, that can be determined by examining its chemical structure

A

Systematic name

17
Q

A polyatomic anion containing a nonmetal covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms.

A

Oxyanion

18
Q

An ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit

A

Hydrate

19
Q

A molecular compound that is able to donate an H+ ion (proton) when dissolved in water, thereby increasing the concentration of H+.

A

Acid

20
Q

An acid composed of hydrogen and an oxyanion.

A

Oxyacid

21
Q

The average mass of a molecule of a compound in amu

A

Formula mass

22
Q

An element’s percentage of the total mass of a compound containing the element

A

Mass percent composition (Mass percent)

23
Q

The sum of the masses of all the atoms in an empirical formula

A

Empirical formula molar mass

24
Q

A method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen, by burning a sample of the compound in purse oxygen and analyzing the products of the combustion reaction

A

Combustion analysis

25
Q

A process by which one or more substances are converted to one or more different substances

A

Chemical reaction

26
Q

A type of chemical reaction in which a substance communes with oxygen to form one or more oxygen-containing compounds; the reaction often causes the evolution of heat and light in the form of a flame

A

Combustion reaction

27
Q

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction; a balanced equation contains equal numbers of the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation

A

Chemical equation

28
Q

The starting substances of a chemical reaction; they appear on the left-hand side of a chemical equation

A

Reactants

29
Q

The substances produced in a chemical reaction; they appear on the right-hand side of a chemical equation

A

Products

30
Q

Compounds that are composed of carbon combined with several other elements including hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur

A

Organic molecule

31
Q

A characteristic atom or group of atoms that imparts certain chemical properties to an organic compound

A

Functional group

32
Q

An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbon

33
Q

A hydrocarbon containing only single bonds

A

Alkane

34
Q

A hydrocarbons continuing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds

A

Alkene

35
Q

A hydrocarbon containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds

A

Alkyne

36
Q

A member of the family of organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl functional group

A

Alcohol

37
Q

A group of organic compounds with the same functional group

A

Family

Gen Chem (5 decks)

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