Chapter 9

Question 1

Management

Answer 1

The process of guiding the development, maintenance, and allocation of resources to attain organizational goals

Question 2

Efficiency

Answer 2

Using the least amount of resources to accomplish the organization’s goals (doing things right)

Question 3

Effectiveness

Answer 3

The ability to produce the desired results or goods (doing the right thing)

Question 4

Leadership

Answer 4

The relationship between a leader and the followers who want real changes, resulting in outcomes that reflect their shared purposes (leading people)

Question 5

Planning

Answer 5

The process of deciding what needs to be done to achieve organizational objectives, identifying when and how it will be done, and determining by whom it should be done

Question 6

Strategic planning

Answer 6

The process of creating long-range (one to five years) broad goals for the organization and determining what resources will be needed to accomplish those goals

Question 7

Mission

Answer 7

An organization’s purpose and reason for existing; its long-term goals

Question 8

Mission statement

Answer 8

A clear, concise articulation of how the company intends to achieve its vision - how it is different from its competition and the keys to its success

Question 9

Tactical planning

Answer 9

The process of beginning to implement a strategic plan by addressing issues of coordination and allocation of resources to different parts of the organization; has a shorter time frame (less than one year) and more specific objectives than strategic planning

Question 10

Operational planning

Answer 10

The process of creating specific standards, methods, policies, and procedures that are used in specific functional areas of the organization; helps guide and control the implementation of tactical plans

Question 11

Contingency plans

Answer 11

Plans that identify alternative courses of action for very unusual or crisis situations; typically stipulate the chain of command, standard operating procedures, and communication channels the organization will use during an emergency

Question 12

Organizing

Answer 12

The process of coordination and allocating a company’s resources to carry out its plans

Question 13

Top management

Answer 13

The highest level of managers, including CEOs, presidents, and vice-presidents; they develop strategic plans and address long-range issues

Question 14

Middle management

Answer 14

Managers who design and carry out tactical plans in specific areas of the company

Question 15

Supervisory management (operational management)

Answer 15

Managers who design and carry out operational plans for the ongoing daily activities of the company

Question 16

Leading

Answer 16

The process of guiding and motivating others toward the achievement of organizational goals

Question 17

Power

Answer 17

The ability to influence others to behave in a particular way

Question 18

Legitimate power

Answer 18

Power that is derived from an individual’s position in an organization

Question 19

Reward power

Answer 19

Power that is derived from an individual’s control over rewards

Question 20

Coercive power

Answer 20

Power that is derived from an individual’s ability to threaten negative outcomes

Question 21

Expert power

Answer 21

Power that is derived from an individual’s extensive knowledge in one or more areas

Question 22

Referent power

Answer 22

Power that is derived from an individual’s personal charisma and the respect and/or admiration the individual inspires

Question 23

Leadership styles

Answer 23

The relatively consistent way in which individuals in leadership positions attempt to influence the behaviour of others

Question 24

Autocratic leaders

Answer 24

Directive leaders who prefer to make decisions and solve problems on their own with little input from their subordinates

Question 25

Participative leaders

Answer 25

Leaders that share decision making with group members and encourage discussion of issues and alternatives; includes democratic, consensual, and consultative styles

Question 26

Democratic leaders

Answer 26

Leaders who solicit input from all members of the group and then allow the members to make the final decision through a vote

Question 27

Consensual leaders

Answer 27

Leaders who encourage discussion about issues and then require that all parties involved agree to the final decision

Question 28

Consultative leaders

Answer 28

Leaders who confer with subordinates before making a decision, but retain the final decision-making authority

Question 29

Free-rein (laissez-faire) leadership

Answer 29

A leadership style in which the leader turns over all authority and control to subordinates

Question 30

Empowerment

Answer 30

The process of giving employees increased autonomy and discretion to make decisions, as well as control over the resources needed to implement those decisions

Question 31

Corporate culture

Answer 31

The set of attitudes, values, and standards of behaviour that distinguishes one organization from another

Question 32

Controlling

Answer 32

The process of assessing the organization’s process toward accomplishing its goals; includes monitoring the implementation of a plan and correcting deviations from it

Question 33

Informational roles

Answer 33

A manager’s activities as an information gatherer, information disseminator, or spokesperson for the company

Question 34

Interpersonal roles

Answer 34

A manager’s activities as a figurehead, company leader, or liasion

Question 35

Decisional roles

Answer 35

A manager’s activities as an entrepreneur, resource allocator, conflict resolver, or negotiator

Question 36

Programmed decisions

Answer 36

Decisions make in response to frequently occurring routine situations

Question 37

Non-programmed decisions

Answer 37

Responses to infrequent, unforeseen, or very unusual problems and opportunities where the manager does not have a precedent to follow in decision making

Question 38

Technical skills

Answer 38

A manager’s specialized areas of knowledge and expertise, as well as the ability to apply that knowledge

Question 39

Human relations skills

Answer 39

A manager’s interpersonal skills that are used to accomplish goals through the use of human resources

Question 40

Conceptual skills

Answer 40

A manager’s ability to view the organization as a whole, understand how the various parts are interdependent, and assess how the organization relates to its external environment

Question 41

Global management skills

Answer 41

A manager’s ability to operate in diverse cultural environments