Chapter 9 Flashcards
Taxonomy
the science of classification
Taxon (plural: taxa)
Category
Who is the founder of taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus
The first name used in binomial nomenclature
Genus (Capitalized)
The second name used in binomial nomenclature
specific epithet (NOT capitalized)
Strain
a subgroup of species with one or more characteristics that distinguish it from other subgroups of the same species- identified with a name, number or letter following the epithet
Dichotomous key
has paired statements describing characteristics of an organism. used to place the name of the organism
Ernst H. Haeckel
Created the third kingdom- Protista 1866
Who first created the 4-kingdom system of classification
Lynn Margulis
H.F. Copeland
in 1956
Who proposed that protista be split into fungi and protista
R.H Wittaker 1959
What are the five kingdoms
Plantae Animalia Fungi Protista Monera
What do all cells have
bound by a cell/plasma membrane
carry genetic information in DNA
have ribosomes where proteins are made
Who suggested the kingdom Monera
Edouard Chatton in 1937
Monera consists of
eubacteria
cyanobacteria
Archaea
Protista consists of
Eukaryotic
mostly unicellular
true membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles within the cytoplasm
Fungi consists of
mostly multicellular and some unicellular
obtain nutrients SOLEY by absorption of organic matter from dead organisms
Forms spores but not seeds
Plantae consists of
contain chlorophyll and chloroplasts
Animalia consists of
all animals derived from a zygote
worms are animals
Stromatolites
fossilized photosynthetic prokaryotes that appear as masses of cells or microbial mats
What are the three domains proposed by Woese
Eukarya
Bacteria
Archaea
What are the three groups of archaea
methanogens (anaerobic) extreme halophiles (high salt) extreme thermophiles (high heat)
Numerical taxonomy
the idea that increasing the number of characteristics of organisms that we observe increase the accuracy with which we can detect similarities among them
Genetic homology
similarity of DNA
Probes
single stranded DNA fragmetns
DNA hybidization
double strands of DNA of two organisms are split apart, and the split strands are allowed to combine
anneal
“bond to each other”
Protein profile
laboratory-prepared pattern of proteins found in a cell
Polycrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)
how protein profiles are produced
Divergent evolution
occurs as certain subgroups of a species with a common ancestor undergo sufficient mutation to be identified as seperate species
Obligate intercellular parasties
they can only grow inside living cells
Mycoplasmas
no cell wall
sunny side up
