Chapter 12 Flashcards
Sterilization
killing or removal of ALL microorganisms in a material or on an object
Sterility
means there is NO living organisms in or on a material
Disenfection
REDUCING the number of pathogenic organisms on objects or materials so that they pose no threat of disease
Disenfectants
applied to inanimate objects
Antiseptics
applied to living tisse
At what point is something sterile ?
When the probability is no greater than one chance in a million of finding a live organism
Sanitizer
a chemical agent typical used on food-handling, equipment and eating utensils to reduce bacterial numbers so as to meet public health standards ( also may simply refer to thorough washing with only soap or detergent)
Bacteriostatic agent
an agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria
germicide
an agent capable of killing microbes rapidly; some agents effectively kill certain microorganisms but only inhibit the growth of others
bactericide
and agent that kills bacteria. Most such agents do not kill spores
viricide
an agent that inactivates virusses
fungicide
an agent that kills fungi
sporocide
an agent that kills bacterial endospores or fungal spores
What did Lister use as a disinfectant
Phenol (carbolic acid)
What two diseases are used to determine phenol coefficient
Salmonella typhi
Staphylococcous auresus
what are the 3 tests to evaluate chemical effectiveness
phenol coefficient
filter paper method
use-dilution test
what happens in denaturing
hydrogen and disulfide bonds are disrupted, and the functional shape of the protein molecule is destroyed
Surfacant
soluble compounds that reduce surface tension, just as soup break up grease particles in the washer
(alchohol)
What 3 ways can agents be grouped in
Wether they affect proteins, membranes or other cell components
Reactions that denature protein include
hydrolysis oxidation and the attachment of atoms or chemical groups
Hydrolisis reactions are caused by
boric acid, and strong alkalis
oxidation reactions come from
hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate
sufacatns include
alcohols, detergents, and quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride (all dissolve lipids)
Agents that affet DNA and RNA
htdroxylamine, ethylene oxide, nitrous acid
what is mercury not affective against
mycobaceterium
table 12.3
pAge 350
lyophilization
is the drying of a material from the frozen state
rad
is a unit of radiation energy absrobed per gram of tissue
cavitation
is the formation of a partia vaccum in a liquid
sonicatioin
disruption of cells by sound waves
plasmolysis
eloss of water, kills the microb
table 12.5
page 359
