Chapter 12

Question 1

Sterilization

Answer 1

killing or removal of ALL microorganisms in a material or on an object

Question 2

Sterility

Answer 2

means there is NO living organisms in or on a material

Question 3

Disenfection

Answer 3

REDUCING the number of pathogenic organisms on objects or materials so that they pose no threat of disease

Question 4

Disenfectants

Answer 4

applied to inanimate objects

Question 5

Antiseptics

Answer 5

applied to living tisse

Question 6

At what point is something sterile ?

Answer 6

When the probability is no greater than one chance in a million of finding a live organism

Question 7

Sanitizer

Answer 7

a chemical agent typical used on food-handling, equipment and eating utensils to reduce bacterial numbers so as to meet public health standards ( also may simply refer to thorough washing with only soap or detergent)

Question 8

Bacteriostatic agent

Answer 8

an agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria

Question 9

germicide

Answer 9

an agent capable of killing microbes rapidly; some agents effectively kill certain microorganisms but only inhibit the growth of others

Question 10

bactericide

Answer 10

and agent that kills bacteria. Most such agents do not kill spores

Question 11

viricide

Answer 11

an agent that inactivates virusses

Question 12

fungicide

Answer 12

an agent that kills fungi

Question 13

sporocide

Answer 13

an agent that kills bacterial endospores or fungal spores

Question 14

What did Lister use as a disinfectant

Answer 14

Phenol (carbolic acid)

Question 15

What two diseases are used to determine phenol coefficient

Answer 15

Salmonella typhi

Staphylococcous auresus

Question 16

what are the 3 tests to evaluate chemical effectiveness

Answer 16

phenol coefficient
filter paper method
use-dilution test

Question 17

what happens in denaturing

Answer 17

hydrogen and disulfide bonds are disrupted, and the functional shape of the protein molecule is destroyed

Question 18

Surfacant

Answer 18

soluble compounds that reduce surface tension, just as soup break up grease particles in the washer
(alchohol)

Question 19

What 3 ways can agents be grouped in

Answer 19

Wether they affect proteins, membranes or other cell components

Question 20

Reactions that denature protein include

Answer 20

hydrolysis oxidation and the attachment of atoms or chemical groups

Question 21

Hydrolisis reactions are caused by

Answer 21

boric acid, and strong alkalis

Question 22

oxidation reactions come from

Answer 22

hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate

Question 23

sufacatns include

Answer 23

alcohols, detergents, and quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride (all dissolve lipids)

Question 24

Agents that affet DNA and RNA

Answer 24

htdroxylamine, ethylene oxide, nitrous acid

Question 25

what is mercury not affective against

Answer 25

mycobaceterium

Question 26

table 12.3

Answer 26

pAge 350

Question 27

lyophilization

Answer 27

is the drying of a material from the frozen state

Question 28

rad

Answer 28

is a unit of radiation energy absrobed per gram of tissue

Question 29

cavitation

Answer 29

is the formation of a partia vaccum in a liquid

Question 30

sonicatioin

Answer 30

disruption of cells by sound waves

Question 31

plasmolysis

Answer 31

eloss of water, kills the microb

Question 32

table 12.5

Answer 32

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