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BIO2301 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Obligate parasite

A

they must spend at least some of their life cycle in or on a host (protazoan that causes malaira)

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2
Q

Faculative parasites

A

normally free living (fungi)

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3
Q

Accidental parasites

A

invade an organism other than their host (ticks on human)`

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4
Q

Vectors

A

agents of transmission (mosquitoes to malaria)

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5
Q

Biological vector

A

a vector in which the parasite goes through part of its life cycle (Mosquito to malaria)

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6
Q

Mechanical Vector

A

a vector in which the parasite DOES NOT go through part of its life cycle (flies that carry paraste eggs, bacteria or viruses from feces to human food are mechanical)

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7
Q

Definitive host

A

Host are classified as definitive hosts if they harbor parasites while it reproduces sexually (mosquito to malaria)

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8
Q

Intermediate host

A

Host are classified as intermediate hosts if they harbor the parasite during some other developmental stage (human to malaria )

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9
Q

Reservoir host

A

are infected organisms that make parasites available for transmission to other hosts

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10
Q

Host Specificity

A

refers to the range of different hosts in which a parasite can mature

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11
Q

4 mechanisms parasites have to evade host defense

A
  1. encystment
  2. changing surface antigens faster than host can make antibodies
  3. cause the host to make antibodies that cannot reacr with the parasites antigens
  4. invade host cells, where they are out of reach of host defense mech.
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12
Q

Schizogony

A

multiple fission, in which one cell gives rise to many cells

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13
Q

Hermaphrodtic

A

one organism has both male and female repo systems and are both functional

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14
Q

Eutrophication

A

the process in which autotrophic protists multiply very rapidly in abundent ingoranic nutrients anc form a “bloon” a think layer of organism over a body of water

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15
Q

Euglenoids

A

(Plantlike protists)

usually have a single flagellum and a pigmented eye spot called a stigma

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16
Q

Pellicle

A

possed by euglenoid as an outer membranous cover

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17
Q

diatoms

A

(Plantlike protists)
lack flagella
numerous group and are important as producers in both freshwater and marine environments

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18
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

(Plantlike protists)

-two flagella

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19
Q

Oomycota

A

(Water Mold)

causes mildew

20
Q

Saprophytes

A

(Slime Mold)

organism that feed on dead or decaying matter

21
Q

Plasmodial slime molds

A

form a multinucleate amoeboid mass called plasmodium, which moves slowly and phagocytizes dead matter
Fruiting bodies–>sporangia–>Spores

22
Q

Cellular slime molds

A

produce pseudoplasmodia, fruiting bodies and spores

23
Q

Pseudoplasmodium

A

slightly motile aggregation of cells.
fruiting bodies–>spores
spores germinate into amoeboid phagocytic cells that divide repeatedly

24
Q

Commensals

A

(Animal- like protists)

live in or on other organisms without harming them and few are parasites

25
Q

Mastigophorans

A

(Animal- like protists)
have flagella
most live in symbiotic relationships
{Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Giardia and Trichomonas}

26
Q

Ameboza

A

(Animal- like protists)
move by means of pseudopodia
feed mainly on other microorganisms, including other protozoa and small algae
{forminiferans and radiolarians}

27
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis

A

(Animal- like protists)
has two nuclei
does not form cysts
found in 4% of human pop

28
Q

Apicomplexans

A

(sporozoans)

parasitic and immobile

29
Q

Plasmodium (malaria) life cycle

A

Sporozoites (salivary glands of the mosquitoes)
Merozoites (after 10 days, they emerge into the blood, invade red blood cells)
Trophozoites (reproduce asexually, producing many more merozoites which are released into the blood by rupture of red blood cells

  • some enter sexual reproduction and create gametocytes which are taken up by a mosquito through the blood
30
Q

Ciliates

A

protozoans
have cilia over most of their sufaces
TRICHOCYSTS-tentacles that can be used to capture prey or to attach themselves to surfaces
-undergo conjugation

31
Q

3 types of tissue flukes

A 
FLUKE IS FLATWORM
paragonimus westermania (lung fluke)
clonorchis sinensis ( liver fluke)
fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)
32
Q

life cycle of the parasitic fluke

A

Miracidia -free swimming flukes that hatch in water
sporocyts- penetrate a snail or other molluskan host and migrate to the digestive
rediae- divide by mitosis
cercarie- free swimming, which escape from the mollusk into the water which then burrow through exposed skin and penetrat another host (often arthropod) and encyst as metacercaria

33
Q

Define Scolex

A

head of the tapeworm

34
Q

define proglottids

A

body components of the tapeworm that contain mainly reproductive organs of both sexes

35
Q

microfilaria

A

roundworms that parasitize humans as larvae may also require a mosquito host. These worms enter the human body as immature larvae

36
Q

Arthropod

A

characterized by joint chitinous exoskeletons, segmented bodies and joint appendages

37
Q

what are the three subgroups (classes0

of arthropods

A

arachnids
insects
crustaceans

38
Q

what causes lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

39
Q

What is the common tick

A

Dermacentor andesoni

-causes tick paralysis ect.

40
Q

What are mites the vector for

regarding ticks

A

rickettsial disease
scrub typhus
Q fever

41
Q

What is the main vector for ruckettsia (that causes typhus and trench fevers)

A

body louse

42
Q

Accidental parasite

A

Parasite that invades an organism other than its normal hose

43
Q

Host specificity

A

Range of different hosts in which a parasite can mature

44
Q

Intermediate Host

A

Harbors a parasite during any part of its developmental stage EXCEPT the sexual reproduction stage

45
Q

Reservior host

A

Infected organisms that make parasites available for transmission to other hosts

46
Q

Definitive host

A

Host that harbors a parasite while it reproduces sexually

47
Q

Obligate parasite

A

Must spend at least some of its life cycle on or in a host

BIO2301 (4 decks)

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