Chapter 9 Flashcards
Working memory
The active maintenance and manipulation of short term memory.
Cogntive control?
The manipulation and application of working memory for planning, task switching, attention, stimulus selection, and the inhibition of inappropriate reflexive behaviors.
Sensory memory?
Helps us sense what is going on in the world around us. This is temporary. Working memory manipulations go on here. This is where information automatically and rapidly decays.
Brief transient sensations of what has just been perceived when someone sees, hears or tastes something
Short term memory?
Temporary storage Area where information can be maintained based on conscious attention and rehearsal. Some sort of rehearsal has to go on to hold this information in the mind.
Long term memory?
Storage area from memories for a long, potentially permanent, periods, without requiring ongoing maintenance or conscious attention. Has a very large storage capacity.
Transient memories?
Non-permanent memories that last seconds or minutes.
Atkinson Shiffrin model?
Input -> sensory memory -attention> STM -LTM
Visual sensory memory?
The visual system’s temporary storage site for information perceived visually. For example looking around the room but not remembering what everyone is wearing because you have decided that it is not important.
Only once we’ve ____ the information can we take anything from it.
Sensed.
New information stops in ___ before moving to ___.
STM, LTM.
Spearling task?
Bunch of random letters. Look at it quickly then try to recall. How many letters can you recall from the total task? How many letters can you recall from a specific line i.e. Line 2?
Short term memory has a limited capacity of?
7 ± 2
STM is affected by primacy and recency effect, yes or no?
Yes
Information in STM can be encoded and ____ recalled.
Immediately
STM is affected by ____.
Interruption.
After practicing 7 ± 2, what can happen to it?
It gets discarded or goes to LTM
Your attention affects what you will ____ in your STM.
Retain.
We can ____ information that must go into working memory in order to expand the capacity of working memory.
Recode
Chunking?
Process of re-organizing or recoding materials or information in memory to allow for a number of items to be packed into a larger unit.
What does Baddeley’s working memory model include?
2 STM buffers:
- Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad: holds visual and spatial images for manipulation
- Phonological Loop: auditory memory maintained by internal (sub-vocal) speech rehearsal where information is maintained
Central executive: monitors and manipulates the two working memory buffers. The central executive provides executive control of working memory. *where information is manipulated i.e. Chunked, deleted, recoding
Visuo Spatial sketchpad?
Holds visual and spatial images for manipulation.
Phonological loop?
Auditory memory maintained by internal (sub-vocal) speech rehearsal
Manipulation of the CE include?
- The central executive provides executive control of working memory
- Adding and deleting items from the visuo-spatial sketchpad and or phonological loop
- Selecting appropriate items to guide behaviour
- Retrieving information from LTM
- Transferring information from the visuo-spatial sketchpad/ phonological loop to LTM
The central executive brings up information and let us carry out the behavior.
The key distinctions of Baddeley’s model are:
- Distinguishes between two general processes of working memory:
Manipulation (CE)
Maintenance (phonological/visuospatial areas) - Identifies the visual spatial sketchpad and phonological loop as being material specific.