Chapter 9 Flashcards
Surveillance
Primarily the journalism function of mass communication, which provides information about the processes, issues, events, and other developments in society
Correlation
The ways in which media interprets events and issues and ascribes meanings that help individuals understand their roles within the larger society and culture
Cultural Transmission
The transference of dominant culture, as well as its subcultures, from one generation to the next or to immigrants, which helps people learn how to fit into society
Pseudo Events
Events that are created specifically to attract the attention of the media, particularly the news
Soft News Day
A day in which not much of importance happens, so that editors are more likely to add features with less real news value, such as human-interest stories
Agenda Setting
The influence exerted by journalists by what they choose to print or broadcast, which affects what the public is more likely to discuss
Penny Press
Newspapers that sold for a penny, making them accessible to everyone. They differed from older newspaper forms in that they tried to attract as large an audience as possible and were supported by advertising rather than subscriptions
James Gordon Bennett
Founder of the New York Herald in 1835. He started many features found in modern newspapers, including a financial page, editorial commentary, and public-affairs reporting
Objectivity
A journalistic principle that says journalists should be impartial and free of bias in their reporting. This principle has come under attack in recent years, because of the impossibility of people being completely objective, and has largely been replaced by the concepts of fairness and balance
Associated Press
Founded as a not-for-profit members’ cooperative in 1848 by a group of 6 New York newspaper publishers in order to share the costs of gathering news by telegraph. Today, 1,700 newspapers and 5,000 television and radio stations are members of this news-gatheirng organization
Mary Shadd Cary
The first African-American woman to edit a weekly newspaper. She founded and edited the Provincial Freeman in Canada after leaving the United States so she wouldn’t be captured and out into slavery because of the Fugitive Slaves Act
Ida B. Wells
A female African-American journalist in the later 19th century who wrote and fought against racism and black lynching
Sensational Journalism
News that exaggerates or features lurid details and depictions of events in order to get a larger audience
William Randolph Hearst
Influential American newspaper magnate during the late 19th and early 20th century whose newspapers across the United States specialized in sensational journalism and political influence
Joseph Pulitzer
Influential owner of American Newspapers whose publications competed vigorously with those owned by Hearst, often resorting to sensational journalism. After about 1900, Pulitzer turned away from sensational journalism to develop a more socially conscious style of news reporting and muckraking. He founded the Pulitzer Prizes, given each year in recognition of outstanding journalism
Yellow Journalism
A style of journalism practiced especially by publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst during the late 1890s in which stories were sensationalized and often partly or wholly made up in order to be more dramatic
Muckrakers
A group of journalists in the ayer 19th and early 20th centuries who investigated business and political corruption. Their activities were linked to raking up mud, or muck, by Theodore Roosevelt, who meant it as a term of derision
Edward R. Murrow
A radio, and later, TV journalist and announcer who set the standard for journalistic excellence on television during TV’s golden age
Electronic News-Gathering (ENG) Equipment
Tools such as video cameras and satellite dishes that allow journalists to gather and broadcast news much more quickly than in the past
News Hole
A term typically used with newspapers, it refers to the amount of total space available after advertisement space has been blocked out
Fairness
In news coverage, the concept of covering all relevant sides of an issue and allowing spokespeople representing those various sides a chance to be covered in the same way
Balance
In news coverage, the concept of presenting sides equally or of reporting on a broad range of news events
Frame
The notion that every story is told in a particular way that influences how readers think of the story
Beat
A reporter’s specialized area of coverage based on geography or subject. Common beats in large- or medium-sized newspapers include education, crime, and state politics
Crowd Sourcing
Utilizing raw data that the public has gathered, in addition to reports from citizen-journalists, to help create a news report
Interpretive Reporting
A type of reporting that tries to put the facts of a story into a broader context by relying on knowledge and experience the reporter has about the subject
Embargo
The practice of sending news releases to news organizations with the stipulation that the information cannot be broadcast or printed until after a specific day or time
Slashdot Effect
The occurrence of a website’s servers crashing because of a large increase in visits to the site after its being mentioned on the popular website Slashdot.org
