Chapter 8

Question 1

Agenda setting

Answer 1

A role the media play in deciding which topics to cover and thus, by virtue of the fact that the media has covered them, which topics the public deems important and discussion noteworthy

Question 2

Tagging

Answer 2

Defining a piece of information, file, image, or other type of digital media in a nonhierarchical system that helps describe what the information is

Question 3

Folksonomies

Answer 3

A collection of tags created by users that provide metadata, or data about data, regarding information

Question 4

Widget

Answer 4

A portable chunk of code that can be embedded in HTML pages and that often gives users extra functionality to their pages

Question 5

Listservs

Answer 5

Also known as list servers, they are automated mailing-list administrators that allow for easy subscription, subscription cancellation, and sending of emails to subscribers on the list

Question 6

Opt-in

Answer 6

A mailing list in which the user has chosen to receive emails and marketing materials

Question 7

Spam

Answer 7

Unwanted email sent out by advertisers as a mass mailing

Question 8

Newsgroups

Answer 8

Categories fro discussion groups within Usenet

Question 9

Lurking

Answer 9

The practice of only reading what others write in online discussion boards but not contributing to the discussion

Question 10

Instant messaging

Answer 10

Often abbreviated to IM, it is a form of real-time communication through typed text over a computer network

Question 11

Scrolling

Answer 11

The practice of simply repeating the same message in a chat room, which quickly draws the ire of other participants

Question 12

Blog or weblog

Answer 12

A type of website on which a person posts regular journal or diary entries with the posts arranged chronologically

Question 13

Wiki

Answer 13

A website that lets anyone add, edit, or delete pages and content

Question 14

Troll

Answer 14

A person who purposely vandalizes Wikipedia entries by inserting false or nonsensical information

Question 15

Influencer

Answer 15

A person who can influence others in their social network to perform an action or change an attitude

Question 16

Strong ties

Answer 16

In social network analysis, the tight bonds between people in a “small world” of close connections

Question 17

Weak ties

Answer 17

In social network analysis, the connections between people in different “small worlds,” which tend not to be as tight or as close or as strong ties but that are nevertheless extremely important in social networks

Question 18

Hub

Answer 18

A node that has many connections to other nodes in a social network

Question 19

Six degrees of separation

Answer 19

The idea that everyone in the world is separated from each other by at most six other nodes in a social network

Question 20

Small world

Answer 20

A tight-knit social network with many strong ties

Question 21

Produsers

Answer 21

The notion that audiences cannot simply be considered consumers anymore but also often take an active role in producing content or information

Question 22

Word-of-mouth marketing

Answer 22

Marketing that takes place among customers through discussions with each other

Question 23

Astroturfing

Answer 23

The practice of creating a movement or campaign so that it looks like it was created by concerned citizens as a grassroots movement, but was actually created or controlled by a large organization or group