Chapter 9

Question 1

Which one of the following pseudocoelomate phyla has sessile, ciliated aquatic forms that resemble hydroid cnidarians?

Answer 1

Entoprocta

Question 2

The most fertile time for species formation in evolutionary history was the _______ era of geologic history.

Answer 2

Cambrian

Question 3

About 230 million years ago there was a massive geological event that removed many species; this was the _____________ extinction.

Answer 3

Permian

Question 4

Members of phylum Phoronida are considered _________ feeders and are found in

Answer 4

filter, marine habitats

Question 5

Members of phylum Ectoprocta are considered _________ feeders and are found in

Answer 5

filter, both freshwater and marine habitats

Question 6

Members of phylum Brachiopoda are considered _________ feeders and are found in

Answer 6

filter, marine habitats

Question 7

Members of phylum Phoronida are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having a

Answer 7

a closed circulatory system without a heart

Question 8

The members of phylum Ectoprocta are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having a

Answer 8

colonial lifestyle

Question 9

The members of phylum Brachiopoda are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having

Answer 9

dorsal and ventral valves

Question 10

The single phylum among the lophophorates that was widespread in the past and remains successful in many habitats today is the

Answer 10

Ectoprocta

Question 11

Superficially, a colony of Entoprocta might be mistaken for a colonial hydroid. Microscopically, they can be easily distinguished from these by the presence of

Answer 11

ciliated tentacles

Question 12

In a colonial Ectoproct, each member of the colony is called a, _________ and it consists of a __________ and a ____________

Answer 12

zooid, polypide, cystid

Question 13

In a colonial Ectoproct, the polypide is functionally responsible for

Answer 13

feeding

Question 14

In the colonial Ectoproct, the cystid is functionally responsible for

Answer 14

building the exoskeleton

Question 15

The phylum Brachiopoda is divided into two classes based on the structure that connects the two different valves of the animal. These classes are the

Answer 15

Articulata and the Inarticulata

Question 16

Of these lophophorate phyla, the one that has an extensive fossil record but limited distribution today is the

Answer 16

Brachiopoda

Question 17

Superficially the brachiopods could be mistaken for bivalves. Close inspection would show that bivalve shells are positioned ______________________ while brachiopod shells are positioned

Answer 17

right and left, dorsal and ventral

Question 18

While a few of the approximately 1000 species of the phylum Nemertea live in moist soil or in fresh water, most of them are found

Answer 18

in marine waters

Question 19

Members of phylum Nemertea, in general, are most like members of class

Answer 19

Turbellaria

Question 20

True or false? Of the lophophorate animals, the ones that cause quite a problem with fouling boat hulls are the ectoprocts

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false? While most members of class Turbellaria are monoecious, the nemerteans are typically dioecious.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or false? Lophophorates are coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical protostomes, although they do possess some characteristics that make some scientists question their taxonomic placement.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or false? The colonial lophophorates include both the ectoprocts and the brachiopods.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

True or false? The lophophore is different from other tentacular structures found on the anterior end of animals, as it is ciliated, contains part of the coelom within the tentacles, and functions in both gathering food and respiration.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

True or false? The phylum Phoronida is the smallest of the lophophorate phyla, with respect to numbers of species.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or false? Interestingly, the phoronids have a closed circulatory system and nucleated cells with hemoglobin, but no heart!

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or false? Of the lophophorates, the brachiopods often reproduce asexually.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

True or false? Ectoprocts are a relatively speciose group, and nearly all species are colonial.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

True or false? The individual ectoproct animal is called the polypide and it is surrounded by the zoecium.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

True or false? The unique larva of the ectoprocts is the actinotroch.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

True or false? A structure that ectoprocts possess shares a name of a cnidarian structure. This is the operculum. The operculum has a similar function in both groups.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True or false? Ectoprocts lack respiratory, vascular, and excretory organs. These functions occur across the body surface, and this is possible, as the individual animals are rather small

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or false? The genus Lingula is a common species of ectoproct.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

True or false? The members of the articulate brachiopods were given their name because of an articulation; a hinge between the two valves which is lacking in the inarticulate brachiopods.

Answer 34

True