Chapter 9 Flashcards
Which one of the following pseudocoelomate phyla has sessile, ciliated aquatic forms that resemble hydroid cnidarians?
Entoprocta
The most fertile time for species formation in evolutionary history was the _______ era of geologic history.
Cambrian
About 230 million years ago there was a massive geological event that removed many species; this was the _____________ extinction.
Permian
Members of phylum Phoronida are considered _________ feeders and are found in
filter, marine habitats
Members of phylum Ectoprocta are considered _________ feeders and are found in
filter, both freshwater and marine habitats
Members of phylum Brachiopoda are considered _________ feeders and are found in
filter, marine habitats
Members of phylum Phoronida are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having a
a closed circulatory system without a heart
The members of phylum Ectoprocta are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having a
colonial lifestyle
The members of phylum Brachiopoda are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having
dorsal and ventral valves
The single phylum among the lophophorates that was widespread in the past and remains successful in many habitats today is the
Ectoprocta
Superficially, a colony of Entoprocta might be mistaken for a colonial hydroid. Microscopically, they can be easily distinguished from these by the presence of
ciliated tentacles
In a colonial Ectoproct, each member of the colony is called a, _________ and it consists of a __________ and a ____________
zooid, polypide, cystid
In a colonial Ectoproct, the polypide is functionally responsible for
feeding
In the colonial Ectoproct, the cystid is functionally responsible for
building the exoskeleton
The phylum Brachiopoda is divided into two classes based on the structure that connects the two different valves of the animal. These classes are the
Articulata and the Inarticulata
Of these lophophorate phyla, the one that has an extensive fossil record but limited distribution today is the
Brachiopoda
Superficially the brachiopods could be mistaken for bivalves. Close inspection would show that bivalve shells are positioned ______________________ while brachiopod shells are positioned
right and left, dorsal and ventral
While a few of the approximately 1000 species of the phylum Nemertea live in moist soil or in fresh water, most of them are found
in marine waters
Members of phylum Nemertea, in general, are most like members of class
Turbellaria
True or false? Of the lophophorate animals, the ones that cause quite a problem with fouling boat hulls are the ectoprocts
True
True or false? While most members of class Turbellaria are monoecious, the nemerteans are typically dioecious.
True
True or false? Lophophorates are coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical protostomes, although they do possess some characteristics that make some scientists question their taxonomic placement.
True
True or false? The colonial lophophorates include both the ectoprocts and the brachiopods.
False
True or false? The lophophore is different from other tentacular structures found on the anterior end of animals, as it is ciliated, contains part of the coelom within the tentacles, and functions in both gathering food and respiration.
True
True or false? The phylum Phoronida is the smallest of the lophophorate phyla, with respect to numbers of species.
True
True or false? Interestingly, the phoronids have a closed circulatory system and nucleated cells with hemoglobin, but no heart!
True
True or false? Of the lophophorates, the brachiopods often reproduce asexually.
False
True or false? Ectoprocts are a relatively speciose group, and nearly all species are colonial.
True
True or false? The individual ectoproct animal is called the polypide and it is surrounded by the zoecium.
False
True or false? The unique larva of the ectoprocts is the actinotroch.
False
True or false? A structure that ectoprocts possess shares a name of a cnidarian structure. This is the operculum. The operculum has a similar function in both groups.
True
True or false? Ectoprocts lack respiratory, vascular, and excretory organs. These functions occur across the body surface, and this is possible, as the individual animals are rather small
True
True or false? The genus Lingula is a common species of ectoproct.
False
True or false? The members of the articulate brachiopods were given their name because of an articulation; a hinge between the two valves which is lacking in the inarticulate brachiopods.
True
