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Zoology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

The layer of the mesoderm that lines the body wall and forms the septa is called the

A

peritoneum

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2
Q

The polychaetes differ from other annelids by having a well-developed head that often bears the eyes, antennae, and sensory palps, and is called a ________, or first segment

A

prostomium

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3
Q

The paddlelike appendages that characterize the polychaetes are called

A

parapodia

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4
Q

The segment of the annelids that bears the jaws is called the

A

peristomium

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5
Q

Some polycheates live most of the year as sexually unripe animals called _____ and the segments that break off and contain gametes are called the ________.

A

atoke, epitoke.

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6
Q

Food is drawn into the mouth of an oligochaete by suction created by the muscular

A

pharynx

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7
Q

The annelids have a double circulation in that materials can be moved by the blood or by the

A

coelomic fluid.

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8
Q

Leeches feed from the body fluids of their prey. The ones that feed on blood have very slow digestion. This is workable because they have ________ to aid in digestion.

A

bacteria

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9
Q

The hirudineans

A

usually lack setae.

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10
Q

The coelom of the annelids is formed by splitting of the embryonic mesoderm on each side of the gut within each compartment. For this reason the cavity is sometimes called a

A

schizocoel.

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11
Q

Locomotion in the annelids is accomplished by alternating waves of contraction by the longitudinal and circular muscles passing down the body. This is known as

A

peristaltic contraction.

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12
Q

The polychaetes differ from other annelids by having a well-developed _________ with specialized sense organs, and paired paddlelike _________.

A

head, parapodia

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13
Q

The type of tissue that is found around the intestine in the annelids that can synthesize glycogen and break free to distribute nutrients in the coelom is called

A

chloragogen tissue.

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14
Q

True or false?
The structure seen in oligochaetes, which secretes mucus and produces a cocoon that protects the developing young zygote is called the clitellum.

A

true

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15
Q

True or false?

The hirudineans have 34 segments, anterior and posterior suckers, and no parapodia.

A

true

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16
Q

True or false?
A nephridium occupies two segments and is composed of a ciliated funnel called a nephrostome, and several loops of tubules that lead to an opening called a metanephridium.

A

false

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17
Q

True or false?
Unlike the polychaetes, the oligochaetes are characterized by having a clitellum for reproduction and suction for feeding.

A

true

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18
Q

True or false?

The oligochaetes have a nephrostome in each segment, and a nephridiopore in the next segment to facilitate excretion.

A

true

19
Q

True or false?
The rigid chitinous structures in annelids that allow the fleshy parapodia to form attachments to the substrate are known as the spines.

A

false

20
Q

True or false?

The body cavity of an annelid is referred to as a pseudocoelom.

A

false

21
Q

True or false?

The first segment of an annelid, which bears the mouth, is called the prostomium.

A

false

22
Q

True or false?

A ventral heart propels the circulatory fluid of the annelid.

A

false

23
Q

True or false?

The body cavity of annelids is filled with fluid and serves as a hydrostatic skeleton in all classes.

A

false

24
Q

True or false?

Copulation in oligochaetes is facilitated by the clitellum, which secretes the gametes.

A

false

25
Q

True or false?

Leeches are all ectoparasites, whereas all oligochaetes are freeliving.

A

false

26
Q 
True or false? 
In a cladogram of the phylum Annelida, the most primitive group would be the class Hirudinea.
A

false

27
Q

True or false?

The peristomium is the lining of the coelom.

A

false

28
Q

True or false?

The oligochaetes feed by suction. This is accomplished by expanding the prostomium.

A

false

29
Q

True or false?

The organ of excretion in annelids is the nephridia.

A

true

30
Q

True or false?

The ciliated part of the organ of excretion in an annelid is the nephrostome.

A

true

31
Q

True or false?

The polychaetes have a larval form that is the trochophore.

A

true

32
Q

True or false?

Development in the oligochaetes and the hirudineans is direct, and therefore no larva is formed.

A

true

33
Q

True or false?

The term metamerism means that the organism has internal septa.

A

false

34
Q

The siboglonids derive most of their energy from chemoautotrophic bacteria located in the _____.

A

trophosome

35
Q

The most important structural characteristic that appears first in the Annelids is ____, division of the body into similar segments.

A

metamerism

36
Q

The annelid typhlosole increases digestive efficiency by ______.

A

increasing surface area for absorption

37
Q

The Oligochaeta and _____ together form the clade Clitelleta.

A

Hirudinea

38
Q

Members of phylum Sipuncula are considered to be ________ feeders and are found in

A

deposit, marine habitats.

39
Q

Members of the former phylum Echiura are considered to be ________ feeders and are found in

A

deposit, marine habitats.

40
Q

The members of the Echiura are distinguished from the other phyla in this chapter by having

A

a heart and closed circulatory system.

41
Q

The members of phylum Sipuncula are distinguished from the other phyla in this group by having

A

an introvert.

42
Q

True or false?

The sipunculids possess several unique characteristics, including the introvert and the trophosome.

A

false

43
Q

True or false?
The anus in sipunculids is actually located near the oral area, which makes sense, as they live buried in the bottom sediments with only the anterior end exposed.

A

true

44
Q

True or false?
If you had a parasitic worm make its presence known by sticking out of your nose (yuk!), you might surmise that you had an infection of sipunculids.

A

false

Zoology (12 decks)

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