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Micro Exam II > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

0
Q

Transformasome

A

Spams cell envelope, binding protein to capture DNA from environment and proteins that from a pore

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1
Q

How do gram positive bacteria transform DNA?

A

They has a transformasome complex

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2
Q

Quorum sensing

A

Triggers competence, senses DNA, doesn’t happen in dilute populations (waste of resources)

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3
Q

Gram negatives don’t use ________ or ________ in transformation

A

Competence factors and transformasomes

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4
Q

What type do gram negatives use for transformation?

A

Type IV pilus

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5
Q

Conjugation

A

Transfer of DNA from one love bacterium to another following cell to cell contact

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6
Q

OriV

A

Replication origin used in nonconjugating cells

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7
Q

OriT

A

Replication origins used during DNA transfer

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8
Q

Episome

A

Plasmid that can exist in extra chromosomal or integrated form

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9
Q

HFR

A

High frequency recombinant

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10
Q

Abberant excision

A

Plasmids that take genes with it when it leaves (messy divorce)

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11
Q

Transduction

A

Bacteriophages carrying host DNA from one cell to another

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12
Q

Transducing particle

A

Phage that carries bacterial host DNA from one cell to another

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13
Q

Lambda phage

A

Stays dormant until activated

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14
Q

Restriction enzymatic cleavage

A

Cleaves foreign DNA (bacterial safe sex)

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15
Q

Modification

A

Protective methylation prevents host DNA so it’s not accidentally destroyed

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16
Q

Site specific recombination

A

Requires short sequence of homologous recognized by recombination enzyme
RecA independent

17
Q

Generalized recombination

A

Needs long stretch of homology esteem cells, needs recA

18
Q

RecA

A

Helps align homologous DNA and catalyze the exchange of strands

19
Q

Transition mutation

A

Purine switches to other purine or same with pyrimidines

20
Q

Transversion point mutation

A

Purine to pyrimidine or vice versa

21
Q

Inversion mutation

A

DNA is flipped in orientation

22
Q

Reversion mutation

A

DNA mutates back to original sequence

23
Q

Missense

A

Wrong codon

24
Q

Tautomeric shifts

A

Alter base pairing properties (as pair with Cs and Gs with ts)

25
Q

Oxidative deamination

A

Removed part of molecule to make it a different base

26
Q

Apurinic site

A

Take out whole purine

27
Q

Ames test

A

Negative- few colonies
Positive- colonies centered around disk because it caused mutation and reversions
Tests if it’s carcinogenic

28
Q

Two types of DNA repair

A

Error proof and error prone

29
Q

Methyl mismatch repair

A

Error proof prevent mutation

Based on recognition of methylation pattern

30
Q

Photoreactivation

A

Error proof

Enzyme photolyase binds to pyrimidine diner and cleaves cyclonic and ring

31
Q

Nucleotide excision repair

A

Error proof

Endonucleoases remove path of ss DNA contained damaged bases

32
Q

Base excision repair

A

Error proof

Cuts damaged parts from the backbone severe

33
Q

SOS repair

A

Error prone
Last resort
Mutate or die

34
Q

Insertion sequence

A

Target of transposase

New gene flanked by shirt inverted repeat sequences

35
Q

How do IS elements transfer?2

A

Nonreplicative- it takes from one to give to another

Replication transposition- duplicates, then gives

36
Q

Type I transposon

A

1 gene

37
Q

Type II transposon

A

Multiple genes

38
Q

Pathogenicity islands

A

Encode virulence factors

39
Q

Mobile symbiosis islands

A

Enable a microbe to enter into symbiotic relationship

40
Q

Pseudo genes

A

Nonfunctional genes in the process of being eliminated

Micro Exam II (7 decks)

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