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Micro Exam II > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Transcription

A

Copying of DNA into RNA

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1
Q

Cell accesses it’s data in genome via…

A

Transcription

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2
Q

RNA is based off _______ DNA strand

A

Complementary strand

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3
Q

Define holoenzyme

A

Holo means all inclusive

Consists of core polymerase and sigma factor required for initiation

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4
Q

What process needs polymerase?

A

Required for elongation

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5
Q

What process requires sigma factors?

A

Initiation

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6
Q

What do sigma factors and RNA polymerase do?

A

They bind and guide RNA to specific DNA sequences called promoters

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7
Q

What do you call a sigma factor that is made in large quantities and used all the time?

A

Housekeeping sigma factor

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8
Q

Consensus sequence

A

DNA sequence similarities among different promoters recognized by the sigma factor
Consists lf most likely base of each position of predicted promoter

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9
Q

Three stages of transcription

A

Initiation, elongation, termination

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10
Q

Describe initiation ( transcription)

A

Sigma factor of holoenzyme binds promoter to dna
Promoter unwinds one helical turn
RNA polymerase binds
Open complex form of RNA polymerase begins transcription

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11
Q

Describe elongation ( transcription)

A

RNA chin is extended by sequential addition of ribonucleotides from nucleoside triphosphate
Sigma dissociates after 9 bases
Original RNA polymerase continues along template
Unwinding makes 17 bp bubble
Positive supercoils upstream are removed by DNA topoisomerase

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12
Q

Describe termination (transcription)

A

RNA pol detached from DNA

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13
Q

Rho dependent termination

A

Relies on rho protein and a strong pause site at 3’ end

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14
Q

Rho independent

A

Requires GC rich region that causes RNA stem and loop to form and causes RNA pol to pause

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15
Q

Rifamycin

A

Selectively binds to bacterial RNA pol and blocks RNA from leaving RNA polymerase, inhibits transcription initiation

16
Q

Actomycin

A

Intercalated between GC base pairs and mimics and DNA base
Inhibits transcription elongation
Not selective for proks

17
Q

tmRNA

A

Free ribosome stuck on damaged mRNA and has properties of tRNA and mRNA

18
Q

Catalytic RNA

A

Associate with some protein to provide catalytic activity

19
Q

Nick name for third base

A

The wobble base

20
Q

Bacteria ribosome subunits

A

60 and 40 to make 80

21
Q

Three binding sites on ribosome and describe

A

A-acceptor site, binds incoming aminoacyl tRNA
P-peptidyl tRNA site, harbors tRNA with the growin polypeptide chain
E-exit site, binds a tRNA recently stripped of proteins

22
Q

Peptidyl transferase and shine-dalgarno

A

Peptidyl transferase enzyme activity forms peptide binds between amino acids
Shine dalgarno sequence binds to rRNA and positions the start codon in the p site

23
Q

Examples of antibiotics

A

Streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin

24
Q

What antibiotics present translocation

A

Erythromycin, fusidic acid

25
Q

What removes N-formylmethione?

A

Methionyl aminopeptidase

26
Q

Degron

A 
Dragon
They degraded(aka destroy)'proteins
27
Q

Proteases

A

Destroy proteins

28
Q

Srp

A

Signal recognition particle

Helps proteins get inserted in the membrane

29
Q

SecYEG translocon

A

Moves unfolded proteins to where chaperones will take over

30
Q

Twin Argonne translocase

A

Moves folded proteins across inner membrane

31
Q

Type 1 protein secretion

A

Moves certain proteins directly from the cytoplasm to extra cellular matrix

32
Q

Which is harder to sequence, euks or proks?

A

Euks due to introns and exon

33
Q

Orthologous

A

Identical function, different organisms

34
Q

Paralogous

A

Slightly different functions in cell

Micro Exam II (7 decks)

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